错误CS0234:命名空间'Microsoft‘中不存在类型或名称空间名称'VisualStudio’(您是否缺少程序集引用？

Question

我正在使用Visual 2015专业版在本地机器上运行一些测试用例。我能够构建解决方案&在本地运行测试用例。

当我在TeamCity服务器上构建我的应用程序(构建代理也托管在TeamCity服务器上)时，我会收到以下错误：

Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(5, 17): error CS0234: The type or namespace name 'VisualStudio' does not exist in the namespace 'Microsoft' (are you missing an assembly reference?)
Controllers\LandingControllerTest.cs(2, 17): error CS0234: The type or namespace name 'VisualStudio' does not exist in the namespace 'Microsoft' (are you missing an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(5, 17): error CS0234: The type or namespace name 'VisualStudio' does not exist in the namespace 'Microsoft' (are you missing an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(15, 10): error CS0118: 'My_api.Test.OneControllerTest.TestInitialize()' is a 'method' but is used like a 'type' 
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(15, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestInitializeAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(22, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethod' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(22, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethodAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(39, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethod' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(39, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethodAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(40, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'ExpectedException' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(40, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'ExpectedExceptionAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(11, 6): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestClass' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\OneControllerTest.cs(11, 6): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestClassAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\LandingControllerTest.cs(10, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethod' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\LandingControllerTest.cs(10, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethodAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\LandingControllerTest.cs(7, 6): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestClass' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\LandingControllerTest.cs(7, 6): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestClassAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(18, 10): error CS0118: 'My_api.Test.Controllers.TwoControllerTest.TestInitialize()' is a 'method' but is used like a 'type'
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(18, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestInitializeAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(44, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethod' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(44, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethodAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(60, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethod' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(60, 10): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestMethodAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(13, 6): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestClass' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Controllers\TwoControllerTest.cs(13, 6): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'TestClassAttribute' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)

我使用以下nuget软件包：

<packages>
  <package id="Castle.Core" version="4.2.1" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core" version="5.2.3" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Microsoft.UnitTestFramework.Extensions" version="2.0.0" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Moq" version="4.8.0" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="MSTest.TestAdapter" version="1.3.2" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="MSTest.TestFramework" version="1.3.2" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="9.0.1" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="System.Diagnostics.Contracts" version="4.0.1" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="System.Threading.Tasks.Extensions" version="4.4.0" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="System.ValueTuple" version="4.4.0" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Unity.AspNet.WebApi" version="4.0.1" targetFramework="net452" />
</packages>

我的team服务器框中安装了.net Framework4.0。我试图避免在team服务器，上安装Visual

造成这一错误的原因是什么？

Answer 1

您需要安装visual才能在TeamCity构建服务器上运行单元测试。根据Team的文件，

需要在生成代理上安装适当的版本。

请参阅https://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/TCD10/MSTest+Support

Answer 2

对于VS 2019年，我不得不更改目标框架。

从目标框架4到4.6(最后版本)