POSIX sh:查找并用函数替换

Question

在JavaScript中，您可以：

someComplexProcessing = (wholeMatch, group1, group2, index, mystr)=> replacement...
mystr.replace(/some.* regex(with) multiple (capture groups)/g, someComplexProcessing)

例如：

const renderTemplate = (str, env)=> str.replace(/{{(.*?)}}/g, (_, name)=> env[name])
renderTemplate('{{salut}} {{name}}!', {salut: 'Hi', name: 'Leo'}) // "Hi Leo!"

最佳的POSIX兼容、通用、变体是什么？

- reusability # eg. a function taking regex, processingFunction, and input, etc - that I could but in my .shellrc/source lib.sh or similar and reuse
- multiline # eg. if "uppercase everything between {{ and }}", `a {{b\nc}}` -> `a B\nC`
- no escape gotchas # eg. it shouldn't break if input, replacement, or regex contains special characters
- POSIX compatible # eg. running it under `docker run --rm -it alpine sh`, etc
- using regex # eg. perl regex seems like the most prominent one, please note differences from it if other is used

meriting:
- no/less dependencies # eg. as portable as possible
- multiple capture groups
- performance
- security # related to no escape gotchas, eg. ok with untrusted input

我已经为bash找到了几个解决方案，以及一些兼容的边缘案例解决方案，但没有一个解决方案与js‘.replace提供的简单性非常接近。最终，我不想过多地考虑实现细节/问题，也不想引入100的MB (主要是到高寒容器，但也使用ubuntu/OSX)，从而尝试建立一个可移植的、与posix兼容的片段、函数和模式库。

Answer 1

一个无效的、有点转义的输入(假设没有\r) (但不是regex输入转义)，解决方案，只有一个捕获组(中间)。尽管是可移植的(只使用tr和sed (以及printf，-z空字符串检查)。(可能有可能将sed部件更改为一般perl regex兼容的部件)

lib.sh:

#!/usr/bin/env sh
multiline_substitute_with_fn () {
  sub_start="$1"; shift; fn_name="$1"; shift; sub_end="$1"; shift; left="$(cat)";
  # uppercase () { cat | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'; }; echo 'Hello [there]!' | multiline_substitute_with_fn '\[' uppercase '\]'

  # make single-line, sanitize input against _SUB(START|END)_, a\ra {{echo "b\rb"}} c {{echo d}} e
  left="$(echo "$left" | tr '\n' '\r' | sed 's/_SUB/_ASUB/g')"

  while [ ! -z "$left" ]; do
    left="$(echo "$left" | sed "s/$sub_start/_SUBSTART_/")" # a\ra _SUBSTART_echo "b\rb"}} c {{echo d}} e
    printf '%s' "$(echo "$left" | sed 's/_SUBSTART_.*//' | sed 's/_ASUB/_SUB/g' | tr '\r' '\n')" # a\na

    lefttmp="$(echo "$left" | sed 's/.*_SUBSTART_//' | sed "s/$sub_end/_SUBEND_/")" # echo "b\rb"_SUBEND_ c {{echo d}} e
    if [ "$lefttmp" = "$left" ]; then left=''; break; fi
    left="$lefttmp"

    middle="$(echo "$left" | sed 's/_SUBEND_.*//' | tr '\r' '\n')" # echo "b\nb"
    [ ! -z "$middle" ] && printf '%s' "$(echo "$middle" | $fn_name | sed 's/_ASUB/_SUB/g')" # b\nb
    left="$(echo "$left" | sed 's/.*_SUBEND_//')" # c {{echo d}} e
  done
}

使用：

cat file | multiline_substitute_with_fn 'start regex' processingFunction 'end regex'

eg.用法：

#!/usr/bin/env sh
. ./lib.sh # load lib

uppercase () { cat | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'; };
echo 'Hello [there]!' | multiline_substitute_with_fn '\[' uppercase '\]'
# -> Hello THERE!

eval_template () { # not "safe" in terms of eval
  # echo 'a\na {{echo "b\nb"}} c {{echo d}} e' | eval_template # -> 'a\na b\nb c d e'
  # hello=hi; echo '{{=$hello}} there' | eval_template # -> {{echo "$hello"}} there -> 'hi there'
  fn () {
    middle="$(cat)"
    case "$middle" in =*) middle="echo \"${middle#=}\"" ;; *);; esac # '=$a' -> 'echo "$a"'
    eval "$middle"
  }
  cat | multiline_substitute_with_fn '{{' fn '}}'
}

eval_template <<-EOF
a
a {{echo "b
b"}} c {{echo d}} e
EOF
# -> a
# a b
# b c d e'

echo '{{=$salut}} {{=$name}}!' > my.template
salut=Hi; name="Leo Name";
cat my.template | eval_template
# Hi Leo Name!