在gcc/clang msvc2015中,当涉及到空类的多重继承时,我看到了不同的行为。我在想,是否有人会知道标准中允许这种差异的是什么。
#include <cstdint>
using namespace std;
class Empty1 {};
static_assert(sizeof(Empty1) == 1, "Expected size of 1 for Empty1");
class Empty2 {};
static_assert(sizeof(Empty2) == 1, "Expected size of 1 for Empty2");
class Empty3 : Empty2, Empty1 {};
static_assert(sizeof(Empty3) == 1, "Expected size of 1 for Empty3");
class Int1 { uint32_t i; };
static_assert(sizeof(Int1) == 4, "Expected size of 4 for Int1");
class Int2 : Empty1 { uint32_t i; };
static_assert(sizeof(Int2) == 4, "Expected size of 4 for Int2");
class Int3 : Empty2 { uint32_t i; };
static_assert(sizeof(Int3) == 4, "Expected size of 4 for Int3");
class Int4 : Empty3 { uint32_t i; };
static_assert(sizeof(Int4) == 8, "Expected size of 8 for Int4");
static_assert(sizeof(Int4) == 4, "Expected size of 4 for Int4");此代码在msvc2015上生成:
error C2338: Expected size of 4 for Int4而gcc和clang则产生了这样的结果:
error: static_assert failed "Expected size of 8 for Int4"换句话说,msvc2015在从空类继承时不会添加任何字节,但是在从多个类继承时会添加任何字节。在C++中是否存在未定义的行为?
发布于 2018-04-01 04:05:30
默认情况下,MSVC不进行此优化,因此其编译的代码可以与较早版本的编译器兼容。但是,__declspec(empty_bases),您可以告诉MSVC启用此优化:
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define EBO_ENABLE __declspec(empty_bases)
#else
#define EBO_ENABLE
#endif
class EBO_ENABLE Empty3 : Empty2, Empty1 {};
static_assert(sizeof(Empty3) == 1, "Expected size of 1 for Empty3");https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49594604
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