Windows环境下django的GIS/Gdal/OSGeos导入错误

Question

我现在正试着从几个小时开始，但我没能解决这个问题。我使用这链接在Windows上安装GeoDjango。我收到了以下错误信息，我不知道该怎么做。所有环境变量都是在Windows中设置的，我可以用

从osgeo进口

成功地在python终端上

进口gdal

不受欢迎。在Postgresql数据库中，我有所有需要的扩展，如address_standardizer，fuzzystrmatch，ogr_fdw、p注浆、plpgsql、pointcloud、pointcloud_postgis，postgis>E 220、postgis_sfcgal，postgis_tiger_geocoder和postgis_topology.

Django项目设置：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis',
        'NAME': 'postgis_24_sample',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': 'Hello123',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = os.getenv('GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH')
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = os.getenv('GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH')

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django.contrib.postgis',
    ...
]

错误：

(easy_geodj) C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\easy_geodj\djlocate>python manage.py runserver
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x066D6330>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 250, in raise_last_exception
    six.reraise(*_exception)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 27, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 108, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 202, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "c:\python27\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 124, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 330, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 211, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 115, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "c:\python27\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\postgis\base.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .features import DatabaseFeatures
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\postgis\features.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\base\features.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.aggregates import *  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\aggregates.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import ExtentField
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\fields.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\forms\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .fields import (  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\forms\fields.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSException, GEOSGeometry
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\geos\__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .collections import (  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\geos\collections.py", line 11, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, LinearGeometryMixin
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\geos\geometry.py", line 11, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import gdal
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\driver.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\prototypes\ds.py", line 9, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import GDAL_VERSION, lgdal
  File "C:\Users\dell\Desktop\easy_geodj\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\libgdal.py", line 48, in <module>
    lgdal = CDLL(lib_path)
  File "c:\python27\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 366, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
WindowsError: [Error 126] The specified module could not be found

Answer 1

GIS依赖关系确实很难纠正，特别是在Windows上。如果您想继续使用这个操作系统，我建议您继续使用OsGeo4W。

对我起作用的步骤如下：

确保卸载您已安装的那些地理信息系统包的每个发行版，并仔细遵循OSGeo4W安装说明。默认情况下，将检查Apache和MapServer是否已安装，您可以在不需要时取消对它们的检查。

您可以将settings.py更改为如下所示：

GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\\OSGeo4W64\\bin\\geos_c.dll'
GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\\OSGeo4W64\\bin\\gdal201.dll'

注1:路径将取决于您在何处安装了OSGeo4W，但(我记得)这些是默认的。

注2:如果下载并安装32位版本，则路径应该如下所示：

GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\\OSGeo4W\\bin\\geos_c.dll'
GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\\OSGeo4W\\bin\\gdal201.dll'

我使用类似的堆栈做过一个项目，觉得在Linux (特别是Ubuntu)上设置起来要容易得多。如果它只是一个学习个人项目，或者它最终将托管在Linux机器上，那么我建议您使用Linux环境。

例如，在Ubuntu上，您可以这样做：

$ sudo apt-get install binutils libproj-dev gdal-bin

GeoDjango官方文档也有一些好的信息。

Answer 2

我会忽略所有手动处理安装的尝试，并使用蟒蛇环境。地理信息系统的依赖关系是众所周知的变化无常的安装，而anaconda已经平滑了大量粗糙的边缘。

Answer 3

首先输入python ins并检查安装了哪个版本。它将结果显示为

好吧，您可以发现python是用MSC编译器32位版本1600编译的，使用此链接下载基于编译器的gdal。

http://www.gisinternals.com/release.php

例如，您必须基于以上python输出下载此版本。

MSVC 2010 win32 release-1600-gdal-2-2-3-mapserver-7-0-7

下载GDAL-2.2.3.win32-py3.4.msi和gdal-202-1600-core.msi并安装它们。

将这两个变量添加到windows环境中

- `GDAL_DATA` = `C:\Program Files (x86)\GDAL\gdal-data` - `path` = add this at the start `C:\Program Files (x86)\GDAL\`

最后将这些添加到setting.py中

GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\GDAL\\geos_c.dll' GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\GDAL\\gdal202.dll'