当加载到Heroku时，载波/fog/AWS问题“不能加载这样的文件-- fog”。

Question

所以我是个新手，并且读过迈克尔·哈特尔的rails教程。当我试图配置使用载波、雾- AWS到S3 AWS的图片上传时，我完全被困住了。当推到heroku时，我得到以下错误：

LoadError:无法加载这样的文件-- fog

另外，我尝试在开发模式中使用完全相同的代码，rails服务器工作正常，并且能够成功地将文件上传到AWS。所以这不是AWS的配置设置问题。当我试图把这个应用推给Heroku时，我的问题就来了。

这是我的设置: gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails',        '5.1.4'
gem 'bcrypt', git: 'https://github.com/codahale/bcrypt-ruby.git', :require => 'bcrypt'
gem 'faker',          '1.7.3'
gem 'carrierwave',             '1.0.0'
gem 'fog-aws',                 '2.0.0'
gem 'mini_magick',             '4.7.0'
gem 'nokogiri',                '1.8.1'
gem 'will_paginate',           '3.1.6'
gem 'bootstrap-will_paginate', '1.0.0'
gem 'bootstrap-sass', '3.3.7'
gem 'puma',         '3.9.1'
gem 'sass-rails',   '5.0.6'
gem 'uglifier',     '3.2.0'
gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.2'
gem 'jquery-rails', '4.3.1'
gem 'turbolinks',   '5.0.1'
gem 'jbuilder',     '2.7.0'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.13'
  gem 'byebug',  '9.0.6', platform: :mri
end

group :development do
  gem 'web-console',           '3.5.1'
  gem 'listen',                '3.0.8'
  gem 'spring',                '2.0.2'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.1'
end

group :test do
  gem 'rails-controller-testing', '1.0.2'
  gem 'minitest-reporters',       '1.1.14'
  gem 'guard',                    '2.13.0'
  gem 'guard-minitest',           '2.4.4'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.18.4'
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

app/上载器/图片上传器.app

  class PictureUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base
  include CarrierWave::MiniMagick
  process resize_to_limit: [400, 400]
   if Rails.env.production?
     storage :fog
   else
     storage :file
   end

配置/初始化器/载波波.

    if Rails.env.production?
      CarrierWave.configure do |config|
            config.fog_provider = 'fog/aws'         
            config.fog_credentials = {
            # Configuration for Amazon S3
            :provider              => 'AWS',
            :aws_access_key_id     => ENV['S3_ACCESS_KEY'],
            :aws_secret_access_key => ENV['S3_SECRET_KEY'],
            :region                => ENV['S3_REGION'],
      }
        config.cache_dir     = "#{Rails.root}/tmp/uploads"   # For Heroku
        config.fog_directory  = ENV['S3_BUCKET'] 
        config.fog_public     = true
        config.fog_attributes = { 'Cache-Control' => "max-age=#{365.day.to_i}" }
       end
    end

带有错误的Heroku日志：

!     Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used.
            Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js
            See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order
-----> Ruby app detected
-----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
-----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.4
###### WARNING:
       Removing `Gemfile.lock` because it was generated on Windows.
       Bundler will do a full resolve so native gems are handled properly.
       This may result in unexpected gem versions being used in your app.
       In rare occasions Bundler may not be able to resolve your dependencies at all.
       https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/bundler-windows-gemfile
-----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.15.2
       Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4
       Fetching https://github.com/codahale/bcrypt-ruby.git
       The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
       Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
       Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
       Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
       Resolving dependencies...
       Fetching rake 12.3.0
       Fetching concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
       Fetching minitest 5.10.3
       Installing minitest 5.10.3
       Installing rake 12.3.0
       Installing concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
       Fetching thread_safe 0.3.6
       Installing thread_safe 0.3.6
       Fetching builder 3.2.3
       Installing builder 3.2.3
       Fetching erubi 1.7.0
       Fetching mini_portile2 2.3.0
       Installing erubi 1.7.0
       Fetching crass 1.0.3
       Installing mini_portile2 2.3.0
       Fetching rack 2.0.3
       Installing crass 1.0.3
       Fetching nio4r 2.2.0
       Installing rack 2.0.3
       Installing nio4r 2.2.0 with native extensions
       Fetching websocket-extensions 0.1.3
       Installing websocket-extensions 0.1.3
       Fetching mini_mime 1.0.0
       Installing mini_mime 1.0.0
       Fetching arel 8.0.0
       Installing arel 8.0.0
       Fetching execjs 2.7.0
       Using bcrypt 3.1.11 from https://github.com/codahale/bcrypt-ruby.git (at master@f2db689)
       Installing execjs 2.7.0
       Fetching rb-fsevent 0.10.2
       Installing rb-fsevent 0.10.2
       Fetching ffi 1.9.18
       Installing ffi 1.9.18 with native extensions
       Fetching will_paginate 3.1.6
       Installing will_paginate 3.1.6
       Using bundler 1.15.2
       Fetching mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
       Installing mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
       Fetching coffee-script-source 1.12.2
       Installing coffee-script-source 1.12.2
       Fetching method_source 0.9.0
       Installing method_source 0.9.0
       Fetching thor 0.20.0
       Installing thor 0.20.0
       Fetching excon 0.60.0
       Installing excon 0.60.0
       Fetching formatador 0.2.5
       Installing formatador 0.2.5
       Fetching multi_json 1.12.2
       Installing multi_json 1.12.2
       Fetching ipaddress 0.8.3
       Installing ipaddress 0.8.3
       Fetching mini_magick 4.7.0
       Installing mini_magick 4.7.0
       Fetching pg 0.18.4
       Installing pg 0.18.4 with native extensions
       Fetching puma 3.9.1
       Installing puma 3.9.1 with native extensions
       Fetching tilt 2.0.8
       Installing tilt 2.0.8
       Fetching turbolinks-source 5.0.3
       Installing turbolinks-source 5.0.3
       Fetching i18n 0.9.1
       Installing i18n 0.9.1
       Fetching tzinfo 1.2.4
       Installing tzinfo 1.2.4
       Fetching nokogiri 1.8.1
       Installing nokogiri 1.8.1 with native extensions
       Fetching websocket-driver 0.6.5
       Installing websocket-driver 0.6.5 with native extensions
       Fetching mail 2.7.0
       Installing mail 2.7.0
       Fetching rack-test 0.8.2
       Installing rack-test 0.8.2
       Fetching sprockets 3.7.1
       Installing sprockets 3.7.1
       Fetching autoprefixer-rails 7.2.3
       Installing autoprefixer-rails 7.2.3
       Fetching uglifier 3.2.0
       Installing uglifier 3.2.0
       Fetching bootstrap-will_paginate 1.0.0
       Installing bootstrap-will_paginate 1.0.0
       Fetching mime-types 3.1
       Installing mime-types 3.1
       Fetching coffee-script 2.4.1
       Installing coffee-script 2.4.1
       Fetching fog-core 1.45.0
       Installing fog-core 1.45.0
       Fetching rb-inotify 0.9.10
       Installing rb-inotify 0.9.10
       Fetching turbolinks 5.0.1
       Installing turbolinks 5.0.1
       Fetching faker 1.7.3
       Installing faker 1.7.3
       Fetching activesupport 5.1.4
       Installing activesupport 5.1.4
       Fetching fog-json 1.0.2
       Installing fog-json 1.0.2
       Fetching sass-listen 4.0.0
       Installing sass-listen 4.0.0
       Fetching globalid 0.4.1
       Installing globalid 0.4.1
       Fetching activemodel 5.1.4
       Installing activemodel 5.1.4
       Fetching jbuilder 2.7.0
       Installing jbuilder 2.7.0
       Fetching sass 3.5.4
       Installing sass 3.5.4
       Fetching activejob 5.1.4
       Installing activejob 5.1.4
       Fetching activerecord 5.1.4
       Installing activerecord 5.1.4
       Fetching carrierwave 1.1.0
       Installing carrierwave 1.1.0
       Fetching bootstrap-sass 3.3.7
       Installing bootstrap-sass 3.3.7
       Fetching rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
       Fetching loofah 2.1.1
       Installing rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
       Installing loofah 2.1.1
       Fetching fog-xml 0.1.3
       Installing fog-xml 0.1.3
       Fetching rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
       Installing rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
       Fetching fog-aws 2.0.0
       Fetching actionview 5.1.4
       Installing actionview 5.1.4
       Installing fog-aws 2.0.0
       Fetching actionpack 5.1.4
       Installing actionpack 5.1.4
       Fetching actioncable 5.1.4
       Fetching actionmailer 5.1.4
       Installing actionmailer 5.1.4
       Installing actioncable 5.1.4
       Fetching railties 5.1.4
       Fetching sprockets-rails 3.2.1
       Installing sprockets-rails 3.2.1
       Installing railties 5.1.4
       Fetching coffee-rails 4.2.2
       Fetching jquery-rails 4.3.1
       Installing coffee-rails 4.2.2
       Fetching rails 5.1.4
       Installing rails 5.1.4
       Fetching sass-rails 5.0.6
       Installing sass-rails 5.0.6
       Installing jquery-rails 4.3.1
       Bundle complete! 29 Gemfile dependencies, 74 gems now installed.
       Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
       Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle.
       Bundle completed (32.67s)
       Cleaning up the bundler cache.
-----> Installing node-v6.11.1-linux-x64
-----> Detecting rake tasks
-----> Preparing app for Rails asset pipeline
       Running: rake assets:precompile
       rake aborted!
       LoadError: cannot load such file -- fog
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:122:in `eager_load_fog'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:137:in `fog_credentials='
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/config/initializers/carrier_wave.rb:3:in `block in <top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:159:in `configure'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/carrierwave-1.1.0/lib/carrierwave.rb:14:in `configure'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/config/initializers/carrier_wave.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `block in load'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:655:in `block in load_config_initializer'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `instrument'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:654:in `load_config_initializer'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:612:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `each'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `block in <class:Engine>'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:59:in `block in run_initializers'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `each'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `tsort_each_child'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/initializable.rb:58:in `run_initializers'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:353:in `initialize!'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:329:in `require'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:329:in `require_environment!'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/application.rb:445:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:62:in `block (2 levels) in define'
       /tmp/build_09f91bebad38e0d893f4a5cd532d3b6b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
       Tasks: TOP => environment
       (See full trace by running task with --trace)
 !
 !     Precompiling assets failed.
 !
 !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
 !     Push failed

Answer 1

也有同样的问题。我是这样决定的：

Gemfile：

gem 'fog-aws', group: :production

添加到config/initializers/carrierwave.rb e.rb：

config.fog_provider = 'fog/aws'

在你不需要升级载波之后。

Answer 2

首先，卸载gem，然后安装最新版本，即1.2.1

Answer 3

尝试将宝石‘雾’直接添加到你的Gemfile中

Gemfile：

  gem 'fog'
  gem 'fog-aws'

如果在Gemfile中定义了gem，它将自动要求它(默认情况下)。