Architecture组件:绑定到ViewModel

Question

当使用新的体系结构组件时，我对数据绑定应该如何工作感到有点困惑。

假设我有一个带有list、ProgressBar和TextView的简单活动。活动应该负责控制所有视图的状态，但是ViewModel应该保存数据和逻辑。例如，我的活动现在如下所示：

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);

    listViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ListViewModel.class);

    binding.setViewModel(listViewModel);

    list = findViewById(R.id.games_list);

    listViewModel.getList().observeForever(new Observer<List<Game>>() {
        @Override
        public void onChanged(@Nullable List<Game> items) {
            setUpList(items);
        }
    });

    listViewModel.loadGames();
}

private void setUpList(List<Game> items){
    list.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
    GameAdapter adapter = new GameAdapter();
    adapter.setList(items);
    list.setAdapter(adapter);
}

ViewModel只负责加载数据，并在列表准备就绪时通知活动，这样它就可以准备适配器并显示数据：

public int progressVisibility = View.VISIBLE;

private MutableLiveData<List<Game>> list;

public void loadGames(){

    Retrofit retrofit = GamesAPI.create();

    GameService service = retrofit.create(GameService.class);

    Call<GamesResponse> call = service.fetchGames();

    call.enqueue(this);
}


@Override
public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
    if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
        setList(response.body().data);

    }
}

@Override
public void onFailure(Call<GamesResponse> call, Throwable t) {

}

public MutableLiveData<List<Game>> getList() {
    if(list == null)
        list = new MutableLiveData<>();
    if(list.getValue() == null)
        list.setValue(new ArrayList<Game>());
    return list;
}

public void setList(List<Game> list) {
    this.list.postValue(list);
}

我的问题是:显示/隐藏列表、进度条和错误文本的正确方法是什么？

我是否应该为ViewModel中的每个视图添加一个整数，让它控制视图并使用它：

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/main_list_error"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@{viewModel.error}"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.errorVisibility}" />

或者ViewModel应该为每个属性实例化一个LiveData对象：

private MutableLiveData<Integer> progressVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();
private MutableLiveData<Integer> listVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> errorVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();

在需要的时候更新他们的价值，让活动观察他们的价值？

viewModel.getProgressVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
    @Override
    public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
        progress.setVisibility(visibility);
    }
});

viewModel.getListVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
    @Override
    public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
        list.setVisibility(visibility);
    }
});

viewModel.getErrorVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
    @Override
    public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
        error.setVisibility(visibility);
    }
});

我真的很难理解。如果有人能澄清这一点，那就太好了。

谢谢

Answer 1

以下是简单的步骤：

public class MainViewModel extends ViewModel {

    MutableLiveData<ArrayList<Game>> gamesLiveData = new MutableLiveData<>();
    // ObservableBoolean or ObservableField are classes from  
    // databinding library (android.databinding.ObservableBoolean)

    public ObservableBoolean progressVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
    public ObservableBoolean listVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
    public ObservableBoolean errorVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
    public ObservableField<String> error = new ObservableField<String>();

    // ...


    // For example we want to change list and progress visibility
    // We should just change ObservableBoolean property
    // databinding knows how to bind view to changed of field

    public void loadGames(){
        GamesAPI.create().create(GameService.class)
            .fetchGames().enqueue(this);

        listVisibile.set(false); 
        progressVisibile.set(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
        if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
            gamesLiveData.setValue(response.body().data);

            listVisibile.set(true);
            progressVisibile.set(false);
        }
    }

}

然后

<data>
    <import type="android.view.View"/>

    <variable
        name="viewModel"
        type="MainViewModel"/>
</data>

...

<ProgressBar
    android:layout_width="32dp"
    android:layout_height="32dp"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.progressVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>

<ListView
    android:layout_width="32dp"
    android:layout_height="32dp"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.listVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/main_list_error"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@{viewModel.error}"
    android:visibility="@{viewModel.errorVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>

还请注意，让视图观察是您的选择

ObservableBoolean : false / true 
    // or
ObservableInt : View.VISIBLE / View.INVISIBLE / View.GONE

但ObservableBoolean更适合于ViewModel测试。

此外，考虑到生命周期，您还应该观察LiveData：

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    listViewModel.getList().observe((LifecycleOwner) this, new Observer<List<Game>>() {
        @Override
        public void onChanged(@Nullable List<Game> items) {
            setUpList(items);
        }
    });
}

Answer 2

以下是实现您的观点的简单步骤。

First，让ViewModel公开一个LiveData对象，然后用空值启动LiveData。

private MutableLiveData<List<Game>> list = new MutableLiveData<>();

public MutableLiveData<List<Game>> getList() {
    return list;
}

第二个，让您的视图(活动/片段)观察到LiveData并相应地更改UI。

listViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ListViewModel.class);
listViewModel.data.observe(this, new Observer<List<Game>>() {
    @Override
    public void onChanged(@Nullable final List<Game> games) {
        setUpList(games);
    }
});

在这里，使用observe(LifecycleOwner, Observer)变体很重要，这样在LifecycleOwner不再活动之后，观察者就不会接收事件，这基本上意味着，当片段的活动不再活跃时，就不会泄漏该侦听器。

第三次，由于数据变得可用，您需要更新LiveData对象。

@Override
public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
    if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
        List<Game> newGames = response.body().data; // Assuming this is a list
        list.setValue(newGames); // Update your LiveData object by calling setValue
    }
}

通过在setValue()上调用LiveData，这将导致调用视图侦听器上的onChanged，并且应该自动更新UI。