如何用cmake和Visual Studio 2017找到Boost库

Question

我用Visual 2017编译了Boost 1.65.1。

在使用cmake编译某些C++项目时，没有找到Boost库：

cmake -G"Visual Studio 15 2017" -DBoost_COMPILER="-vc150" ..

CMake Error at cmake-3.9/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1900 (message):
  Unable to find the requested Boost libraries.

  Boost version: 1.65.1

  Boost include path: C:/Boost/include/boost-1_65_1

  Could not find the following Boost libraries:

          boost_thread
          boost_system
          boost_regex
          boost_timer
          boost_filesystem
          boost_serialization

  Some (but not all) of the required Boost libraries were found.  You may
  need to install these additional Boost libraries.  Alternatively, set
  BOOST_LIBRARYDIR to the directory containing Boost libraries or BOOST_ROOT
  to the location of Boost.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:18 (find_package)

图书馆在那里：

dir c:\Boost\lib
 Volume in drive C has no label.

 Directory of c:\Boost\lib

28/11/2017  12:47    <DIR>          .
28/11/2017  12:47    <DIR>          ..
...
28/11/2017  12:12           937.796 libboost_filesystem-vc150-mt-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:40         6.792.370 libboost_filesystem-vc150-mt-gd-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:20           996.592 libboost_filesystem-vc150-mt-s-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:17         5.951.092 libboost_filesystem-vc150-mt-sgd-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:28           996.456 libboost_filesystem-vc150-s-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:25         5.950.956 libboost_filesystem-vc150-sgd-1_65_1.lib
...
28/11/2017  12:13        13.418.950 libboost_regex-vc150-mt-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:40        43.663.182 libboost_regex-vc150-mt-gd-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:21        13.487.852 libboost_regex-vc150-mt-s-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:17        42.108.148 libboost_regex-vc150-mt-sgd-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:28        13.487.546 libboost_regex-vc150-s-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:25        42.107.842 libboost_regex-vc150-sgd-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:16         9.426.284 libboost_serialization-vc150-mt-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:43        33.389.696 libboost_serialization-vc150-mt-gd-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:24        10.690.636 libboost_serialization-vc150-mt-s-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:20        34.091.376 libboost_serialization-vc150-mt-sgd-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:31        10.690.106 libboost_serialization-vc150-s-1_65_1.lib
28/11/2017  12:27        34.090.846 libboost_serialization-vc150-sgd-1_65_1.lib
...
             200 File(s)  2.184.720.662 bytes
               2 Dir(s)  48.071.262.208 bytes free

如何在此配置中使用Boost？

编辑：

我看到了一个命名的问题。来自FindBoost.cmake：

#   Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED  - Set to OFF to use the non-multithreaded
#                              libraries ('mt' tag).  Default is ON.
#   Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS    - Set to ON to force the use of the static
#                              libraries.  Default is OFF.
#   Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME - Set to ON or OFF to specify whether to use
#                              libraries linked statically to the C++ runtime
#                              ('s' tag).  Default is platform dependent.
#   Boost_USE_DEBUG_RUNTIME  - Set to ON or OFF to specify whether to use
#                              libraries linked to the MS debug C++ runtime
#                              ('g' tag).  Default is ON.
#   Boost_USE_DEBUG_PYTHON   - Set to ON to use libraries compiled with a
#                              debug Python build ('y' tag). Default is OFF.
#   Boost_USE_STLPORT        - Set to ON to use libraries compiled with
#                              STLPort ('p' tag).  Default is OFF.
#   Boost_USE_STLPORT_DEPRECATED_NATIVE_IOSTREAMS
#                            - Set to ON to use libraries compiled with
#                              STLPort deprecated "native iostreams"
#                              ('n' tag).  Default is OFF.
#   Boost_COMPILER           - Set to the compiler-specific library suffix
#                              (e.g. "-gcc43").  Default is auto-computed
#                              for the C++ compiler in use.  A list may be
#                              used if multiple compatible suffixes should
#                              be tested for, in decreasing order of
#                              preference.
#   Boost_THREADAPI          - Suffix for "thread" component library name,
#                              such as "pthread" or "win32".  Names with
#                              and without this suffix will both be tried.
#   Boost_NAMESPACE          - Alternate namespace used to build boost with
#                              e.g. if set to "myboost", will search for
#                              myboost_thread instead of boost_thread.

没有提到'gd‘或'sgd’标签，但我的名字是那样的。我还试图禁用所有可以使用这些标记的选项，但仍然失败：

 cmake -G"Visual Studio 15 2017" -DBoost_COMPILER="-vc150" -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=/c/Boost/lib -DBoost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME=OFF -DBoost_USE_DEBUG_RUNTIME=OFF ..

CMake Error at cmake-3.9/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1900 (message):
  Unable to find the requested Boost libraries.

  Boost version: 1.65.1

  Boost include path: C:/Boost/include/boost-1_65_1

  Could not find the following Boost libraries:

          boost_thread
          boost_system
          boost_regex
          boost_timer
          boost_filesystem
          boost_serialization

  Some (but not all) of the required Boost libraries were found.  You may
  need to install these additional Boost libraries.  Alternatively, set
  BOOST_LIBRARYDIR to the directory containing Boost libraries or BOOST_ROOT
  to the location of Boost.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:18 (find_package)

Answer 1

关于库命名的：

Boost库(.lib，.dll on Win，.a，.so on Linux)名称有3种形式。它们依赖于--layout选项，该选项在构建boost时传递给b2。在Windows上，默认的是versioned，它生成您所拥有的文件名。请看我的详细解释。

您的问题的可能解决方案：

1. 在你的第二次尝试中你打电话给 cmake -G"Visual Studio 15 2017" -DBoost_COMPILER="-vc150" -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=/c/Boost/lib ... 但是，我不确定路径/c/Boost/lib对于CMake是否有效，请尝试C:\Boost\lib。 顺便说一句，我将定义简单的BOOST_LIBRARYDIR，而不是BOOST_ROOT=C:\Boost。
2. 由于您只有库而没有DLL，所以请确保Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS是CMake文件中的ON (或传递到命令行)。如果您碰巧也使用python和/或numpy库，那么当您包含来自这些库的头(例如：BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB )时，您也需要为编译器定义BOOST_NUMPY_STATIC_LIB和BOOST_NUMPY_STATIC_LIB。
3. 打开boost诊断：-DBoost_DEBUG=ON CMake文件打印了很多关于它如何处理boost的信息。

注意：

通常，您不需要设置Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED等变量，因为这些变量是由CMake检测的。从您的"lib“目录文件列表中，我可以看到调试和发布，动态地和静态地链接C运行时版本的库文件。

请参阅这里关于库文件名中的这些字母。

我希望这些都能帮上忙。