无法安装psycopg2 Ubuntu

Question

为了让服务器为django项目做好准备，我在postgres的安装中遇到了一些问题。

我正在遵循这个指南：https://jee-appy.blogspot.com/2017/01/deply-django-with-nginx.html

我在第五步：

1. 现在，我们需要配置postgreSQL，以便它能够与我们的Django应用程序通信。为此，请安装psycopg2数据库适配器。但是这个适配器有一些包依赖项，所以首先安装它们。

跑：

(django_env) $ sudo apt install libpq-dev python3-dev

然后..。

(django_env) $ pip安装psycopg2

我这样做，这一点在说明中，我得到了一个“编译失败”的错误。

我尝试了在这个堆栈交换问题中提出的解决方案：与Django一起使用的virtualenv psycopg2中的python3问题和这个：无法在虚拟服务器上安装psycopg2

我在很大程度上是一个linux和django noob，所以如果这是一个重复的问题，请宽恕我，并留下一个评论，解释为什么你要标记为一个副本，因为你这样做。

耽误您时间，实在对不起!

下面是导致它的输出和安装命令：

(django_env1) user:/home/projects/sample_project$ sudo pip install psycopg2
Downloading/unpacking psycopg2
  Downloading psycopg2-2.7.3.2.tar.gz (425kB): 425kB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py) egg_info for package psycopg2

Installing collected packages: psycopg2
  Running setup.py install for psycopg2
    building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.7.3.2 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64)" -DPG_VERSION_NUM=90320 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.3/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
    In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:
    ./psycopg/psycopg.h:34:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
     #include <Python.h>
                        ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-_0zc1L-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/_ipaddress.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/tz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/_json.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/errorcodes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/psycopg1.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/_range.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/extensions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/sql.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/pool.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

copying lib/extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_bug_gc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_psycopg2_dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_types_extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_async_keyword.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_sql.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_ipaddress.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_fast_executemany.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_copy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_with.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_connection.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_module.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_replication.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_extras_dictcursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_dates.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_bugX000.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/testconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_errcodes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_transaction.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_async.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/testutils.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_cursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_quote.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/dbapi20_tpc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_notify.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_lobject.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_cancel.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_green.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

copying tests/test_types_basic.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests

running build_ext

building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg

x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.7.3.2 (dt dec pq3 ext lo64)" -DPG_VERSION_NUM=90320 -DHAVE_LO64=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.3/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement

In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:

./psycopg/psycopg.h:34:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

 #include <Python.h>

                    ^

compilation terminated.

error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-_0zc1L-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2

Answer 1

您已经为Python3安装了Python库。

如果您想使用Python3：：

确保你安装了python3 3-pip

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

然后：

pip3 install psycopg2

如果仍然失败，请尝试安装postgresql的开发头：

sudo apt install python3-dev libpq-dev
pip3 install psycopg2

If on Python2

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python-pip
pip2 install psycopg2-binary

如果在Ubuntu20.04或以上上

sudo apt-get install build-essential

然后运行Python 2或3的其他步骤。

Answer 2

我在一个只安装python2.7.6的ubuntu映像上测试我的应用程序(就像在大多数大型orgs中发生的那样)

如果您正在使用python2.x (尽管您应该计划移动到3.xasap)，请检查下面的依赖项：

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
sudo apt-get install libpq-dev # this is required as psycopg2 uses pg_config
sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python-pip

现在使用以下方法安装psycopg2：

pip2 install psycopg2-binary

Answer 3

注意，在许多发行版上，默认情况下没有安装针对库编译所需的开发头。对于Ubuntu上的psycopg2，需要python3和postgresql：

sudo apt install python3-dev libpq-dev
pip3 install psycopg2

这些可以安装在您激活的虚拟环境中。