使用“def”方法时Python3.x中断变量

Question

然而，我的代码是一个基于文本的冒险程序，当我运行它时，它尝试使用它中断的变量，因为这些变量没有被添加到def中，因为python在做任何其他事情之前定义了一些事情。

这是我的代码，当你向北走两次，打开窗口，输入窗口，向上或东方时，程序就会中断。

    import time
reset = "yes"
def print_slow(str):
    for letter in str:
        print(letter),
        time.sleep(.3)

def game():
    #This sets the commands to be used
    inv_command = ["inv", "inventory", "i"]
    west = ["west", "w", "go west", "walk west"]
    east = ["east", "e", "go east", "walk east"]
    north = ["north", "n", "go north", "walk north"]
    south = ["south", "s", "go south", "walk south"]
    northeast = ["northeast", "ne", "go northeast", "walk northeast"]
    northwest = ["northwest", "nw", "go northwest", "walk northwest"]
    southeast = ["southeast", "se", "go southeast", "walk southeast"]
    southwest = ["southwest", "sw", "go southwest", "walk southwest"]
    up = ["up", "u", "go up", "go up stairs", "go up ladder", "up stairs", "up ladder"]
    down = ["down", "d", "go down", "go down stairs", "go down ladder", "down stairs", "down ladder"]
    take = ["take", "t"]
    die = ["die","suicide", "kill myself","kill"]
    #This sets the objects
    mailbox = 1
    house_window = 0
    house_bag = 0
    knife = 0
    lamp = 0
    carpet = 0
    rug = 0
    light = 0
    trapdoor =0
    #This sets the inventory
    class Item(object):
        def __init__(self, name, attack, armour):
            self.name = name
            self.attack = attack
            self.armour = armour

    class Inventory(object):    
        def __init__(self):
            self.items = {}

        def add_item(self, item):
            self.items[item.name] = item

        def contain_item(self, item):
            self.items["Leaflet"] = item

        def print_items(self):
            print('\t'.join(['Name', 'Atk', 'Arm']))
            for item in self.items.values():
                print('\t'.join([str(x) for x in [item.name, item.attack, item.armour]]))
            time.sleep(1)    
    inventory = Inventory()
    class death():
        def kill():
            print("You killed yourself")
            reset()
    game = 1
    still_running = 1
    while game is still_running:
        #This is the spawn area
        def spawn():
            while game is still_running:
                inp = input("You wake up in a field surrounded by trees. The only pathway is going north \n>")
                if inp in north:
                    front_house()
                if inp in die:
                    game.reset()
                elif inp in inv_command:
                    inventory.print_items()
                else:
                    print("<You can't do that>")

            #This is the front of the house
        def front_house():
            while game is still_running:
                inp = input("You face the front of a house. The windows are boarded up and the door is closed. In front there is a mailbox, and pathways leading west and further north\n>")
                if inp in south:
                    spawn()
                elif inp in inv_command:
                    inventory.print_items()
                elif inp in north:
                    back_house()
                elif inp in west:
                    west_forest_entrance()
                elif inp in "open door":
                    print("<The door is locked>")
                elif inp in "open window":
                    print("<The windows can't be opened. They seem to be nailed shut>")
                elif inp in "read leaflet":
                    if inventory.contain_item:
                        print("<Welcome to the text based adventure!>")
                        print("<When typing commands, please don't use capital letters.>")
                        print("<have fun!>")
                    else:
                        print("<You don't have a leaflet>")
                elif inp in "open mailbox":
                    if mailbox == 1:
                        print("<The mailbox contains a leaflet>")
                    else:
                        print("<The mailbox is empty>")
                elif inp in "take leaflet":
                    if mailbox == 1:
                        inventory.add_item(Item('Leaflet', 0, 0))
                        mailbox = 0
                        print("<You have taken the leaflet>")
                    else:
                        print("<There's no leaflet in the mailbox>")   
                else:
                    print("<You can't do that>")

        #This is the back of the house
        def back_house():
            while game is still_running:
                inp = input("You face the back of the house, which has nothing except one ajar window. There is another pathway heading east \n>")
                if inp in inv_command:
                    inventory.print_items()
                if inp in south:
                    front_house()
                if inp == "open window":
                    house_window = 1
                    print("<You opened the window enough for you to enter through>")
                if inp == "enter window":
                    if house_window == 1:
                        kitchen()
                    else:
                        print("<The window isn't opened enough to fit through>")
                else:
                    print("<You can't do that>")

        #This is the kitchen
        def kitchen():
            while game is still_running:
                inp = input("You are inside the kitchen of the house. On the table there is a bag, there is a staircase leading up stairs and to the east there is a living room \n>")
                if inp in inv_command:
                    inventory.print_items()
                elif inp in "read manual":
                    if inventory.contain_item:
                        print("<Commands - inventory, take, open, attack>")
                        print("<Moving commands - go north, go south, go northeast, go northwest, go southeast, go southwest, up, down.>")
                        print("<Good luck!>")
                elif inp in up:
                    attic()
                elif inp in east:
                    living_room()
                elif inp in "exit window":
                    back_house()
                elif inp == "open bag":
                    print("<The bag contains a manual>")
                elif inp == "take bag":
                    print("<You would much rather take what's inside the bag then the bag itself>")
                elif inp == "take manual":
                    if house_bag == 0:
                        print("<You took the manual>")
                        house_bag = 1
                        inventory.add_item(Item('manual', 0, 0))
                    else:
                        print("<You have already taken the manual>")
                else:
                    print("<You can't do that>")

        #This is the Attic of the house
        def attic():
            while game is still_running:
                if knife == 0:
                    if lamp == 0:
                        inp = input("You are in the attic, you can see a lamp and a knife. You see blood stains and stairs downwards \n>")
                    else:
                        inp = input("You are in the attic, you can see a knife. You see blood stains and stairs downwards \n>")
                elif knife == 1:
                    if lamp == 0:
                        inp = input("You are in the attic, you can see a lamp. You see blood stains and stairs downwards \n>")
                    else:
                        inp = input("You are in the attic. You see blood stains and stairs downwards \n>")
                if inp in inv_command:
                    inventory.print_items()
                elif inp in down:
                    kitchen()
                elif inp in "take knife":
                    if knife == 0:
                        print("You pulled the knife out from the wall and put it in your pocket")
                        print("<You have obtain a knife>")
                        knife = 1
                        inventory.add_item(Item('knife', 3, 0))
                    else:
                        print("<You have already taken the knife>")
                elif inp in "take lamp":
                    if lamp == 0:
                        print("<You have taken the lamp>")
                        lamp = 1
                        inventory.add_item(Item('lamp', 0,0))
                    else:
                        print("<You have already taken the lamp>")
                else:
                    print("<You can't do that>")
        #This is the living room
        def living_room():
            while game is still_running:
                if rug == 0:
                    inp = input("You are in the living room and you see a rug on the floor.\n>" )
                if rug == 1:
                    inp = input("You are in the living room and you can see a trap door.\n>")
                if inp == "move rug":
                    rug = 1
                    print("<You have found a trap door to the basement>")
                if trapdoor == 1:
                    if inp in down:
                        underground_entrance()
                if inp in inv_command:
                    inventory.print_items()
            else:
                print("<You can't do that>")
        #This is the underground entrance
        def underground_entrance():
            while game is still_running:
                if lamp == 1:
                    if light == 0:
                        inp = input("It is dark, you can't see anything.\n>")
                        if inp in up:
                            living_room()
                        if inp in inv_command:
                            inventory.print_items()
                        if inp == "turn on lamp" or "turn lamp on":
                            print("<You turned on the lamp>")
                            light = 1
                        else:
                            print("<You can't do that>")
                    if light == 1:
                        inp = input("You are below the living room, where you can see a entrance to a underground tunnel north of you.\n>")
                        if inp in up:
                            living_room()
                        if inp in inv_command:
                            inventory.print_items()
                        if inp in north:
                            loop = 12
                    else:
                        print("<You can't do that>")
                if lamp == 0:
                    inp = input("It is dark, you can't see anything you need to find a lamp.\n>")
                    if inp in up:
                        living_room()
                    if inp in inv_command:
                        inventory.print_items()
                else:
                    print("<You can't do that>")



                #This is the west forest entrance
                def west_forest_entrance():
                    while game is still_running:
                        inp = input("You are now in a dense forest. There is a fork in the road going NorthWest and SouthWest \n>")
                        if inp in inv_command:
                            inventory.print_items()
                        elif inp in east:
                            loop = 2
                        elif inp in northwest:
                            loop = 6
                        elif inp in southwest:
                            loop = 7
                        else:
                            print("<You can't do that>")
        spawn()
def reset():
    if reset == "yes":
        print_slow("Resetting...")
        print_slow("Loading...")
        time.sleep(5)
        game()
game()

Answer 1

您的许多防御系统都嵌套在game()函数中。您似乎试图使用game的局部变量作为准全局变量。

如果要这样做，则需要在嵌套函数中声明希望作为nonlocal使用的变量。

例如，：参见this answer中的nonlocal示例。

或者，您可能希望将变量移动到真正全局的位置，将定义放在最外层的范围，并使用global语句在函数中声明要修改的定义。

例如，：参见this answer中的“全局”示例。

或者，您可以在类上创建所有这些函数方法，并使用self.mailbox和self.window代替mailbox或window。

例如，：

class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        self.mailbox_full = True

    def take_leaflet(self):
        if self.location != FRONT_HOUSE:
            self.bogus()
            return

        if self.mailbox_full:
            self.inventory.add_item(Item('Leaflet', 0, 0))
            self.mailbox_full = False
            self.msg('You take the leaflet')
        else:
            self.msg('There is no leaflet in the mailbox.')