用Python中唯一的ID替换字符串的所有出现(给定它们的起始和结束索引)

Question

我正在处理一个必须预处理的数据集。我想用唯一的ID替换所有事件(通过开始和结束索引)。

给出了如下的一系列文本：

s = "The hypotensive effect of 100 mg/kg alpha-methyldopa was also partially reversed by naloxone. Naloxone alone did not affect either blood pressure or heart rate. In brain membranes from spontaneously hypertensive rats clonidine, 10(-8) to 10(-5) M, did not influence stereoselective binding of [3H]-naloxone (8 nM), and naloxone, 10(-8) to 10(-4) M, did not influence naloxone-suppressible binding of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine (1 nM)."

还有一份字典清单，如：

[

‘D 006973’：[{‘长度’：'12'，‘偏移’：'199'，‘文本’：‘高血压’，‘类型’：‘疾病’}，

‘D 008750’：[{‘长度’：'16'，‘偏移’：'36'，‘文本’：‘α-甲基多巴’，‘类型’：‘化学’}，

‘D 007022’：[{‘长度’：'11'，‘偏移’：'4'，‘文本’：‘低血压’，‘类型’：‘疾病’}，

‘D 009270’：[{‘长度’：'8'，‘偏移’：'84'，‘文本’：‘纳洛酮’，‘类型：’化学‘}，{’长度‘：'8'，’偏移‘：'94'，’文本‘：’纳洛酮‘，’类型‘：’化学‘}，{“长度”：“13”，“偏移”：'293'，‘文本’：[“3H-纳洛酮”]，‘类型’：‘化学’}]

]

我希望用它们各自的ID替换由偏移给出的所有事件。因此，对于最后一个字典，我希望将列表中的所有值替换为‘D 009270’。

例1:对于第一本字典，用键‘D 006973’，我想用‘D 006973’代替‘高血压’，它位于索引199，长度为12。

示例2:对于上一个关键字为‘D 009270’的字典，我希望替换索引中的子字符串(用元组表示)。

[(84, 92), (94, 102), (293, 306)]

1. 在最后一句中，"naloxone-suppressible"，存在纳洛酮，但我不想替换它。所以我不能简单地使用str.replace()。
2. 我用唯一的ID代替了字符串从开始索引到结束索引(例如: 199到211表示“高血压”)，但这会干扰其他“尚未被替换”的实体的抵消。当要替换的文本(“D006973”)小于字符串(“高血压”)时，我可以使用填充。但是，当要重新调整的文本的大小更大时，就会失败。

Answer 1

您可以使用具有占位符字符的字符串格式：

from operator import itemgetter

s = "The hypotensive effect of 100 mg/kg alpha-methyldopa was also partially reversed by naloxone. Naloxone alone did not affect either blood pressure or heart rate. In brain membranes from spontaneously hypertensive rats clonidine, 10(-8) to 10(-5) M, did not influence stereoselective binding of [3H]-naloxone (8 nM), and naloxone, 10(-8) to 10(-4) M, did not influence naloxone-suppressible binding of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine (1 nM)."

dictionary={
'D006973': [{'length': '12', 'offset': '199', 'text': ['hypertensive'], 'type': 'Disease'}],
'D008750': [{'length': '16', 'offset': '36', 'text': ['alpha-methyldopa'], 'type': 'Chemical'}],
'D007022': [{'length': '11', 'offset': '4', 'text': ['hypotensive'], 'type': 'Disease'}],
'D009270': [{'length': '8', 'offset': '84', 'text': ['naloxone'], 'type': 'Chemical'}, {'length': '8', 'offset': '94', 'text': ['Naloxone'], 'type': 'Chemical'}, {'length': '13', 'offset': '293', 'text': ["[3H]-naloxone"], 'type': 'Chemical'}]
}

index_list=[]
for key in dictionary:
    for dic in dictionary[key]:
        o=int(dic['offset'])
        index_tuple=o , o+int(dic['length']),key
        index_list.append(index_tuple)

index_list.sort(key=itemgetter(0))
format_list=[]
lt=list(s)
for i,j in enumerate(index_list):
    si=j[0]
    ei=j[1]
    lt[si:ei]=list("{}") + ["@"]*((ei-si)-2)
    format_list.append(j[2])

text = "".join(lt)
text = text.replace("@","")
text = text.format(*format_list)

结果：'The D007022 effect of 100 mg/kg D008750 was also partially reversed by D009270. D009270 alone did not affect either blood pressure or heart rate. In brain membranes from spontaneously D006973 rats clonidine, 10(-8) to 10(-5) M, did not influence stereoselective binding of D009270 (8 nM), and naloxone, 10(-8) to 10(-4) M, did not influence naloxone-suppressible binding of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine (1 nM).'