如何最终正确地在utf8mb4上设置MySQL？

Question

从昨天起我就在这个问题上失去了理智。

我正在尝试将我的MySQL数据库从utf8转换为utf8mb4。为此，我跟踪了这些站点/线程：https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/mysql-utf8mb4#utf8-to-utf8mb4、Cannot store emoji in database、Change MySQL default character set to UTF-8 in my.cnf?等。

我的数据库似乎像预期的那样有一个utf8mb4_unicode_ci collation，以及她的所有表。

然而，当我继续进行SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';时，我得到：

#With a Root access
Variable_name              Value
character_set_client        utf8                #expecting utf8mb4
character_set_connection    utf8                #expecting utf8mb4
character_set_database      utf8mb4             #good
character_set_filesystem    binary              #good
character_set_results       utf8                #expecting utf8mb4
character_set_server        utf8mb4             #good
character_set_system        utf8                #expecting utf8mb4
collation_connection        utf8_general_ci     #expecting utf8mb4_unicode_ci
collation_database          utf8mb4_unicode_ci  #good
collation_server            utf8mb4_unicode_ci  #good

#With a standard user access
Variable_name               Value
character_set_client        utf8                #expecting utf8mb4
character_set_connection    utf8mb4             #good 
character_set_database      utf8mb4             #good
character_set_filesystem    binary              #good
character_set_results       utf8                #expecting utf8mb4
character_set_server        utf8mb4             #good
character_set_system        utf8                #expecting utf8mb4
collation_connection        utf8mb4_unicode_ci  #good
collation_database          utf8mb4_unicode_ci  #good
collation_server            utf8mb4_unicode_ci  #good

我设置了如下所示的/etc/mysql/conf.d/90-my.cnf文件：

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init-connect = 'SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_unicode_ci'
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'

我的MySQL版本是5.5.54，全部设置在debian 7中。

有人能帮我吗？

谢谢你的帮助，也为我糟糕的英语感到抱歉.

编辑

有趣的事实:当我在内联命令中检查变量时，我得到了以下内容：

mysql> show variables like "%character%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

当我检查phpmyadmin (具有非超级用户访问权限)时，character_set_client和character_set_results仍然有

Answer 1

当以用户root身份连接时，init-connect将被忽略。

在没有SUPER权限的情况下，为应用程序提供自己的登录。

然后，为了确保，无论何时从应用程序中建立连接，都要执行特定于语言的提供字符集的方法。(或执行SET NAMES utf8mb4。)你用的是什么应用语言？

如果有其他问题发生，请参阅Trouble with utf8 characters; what I see is not what I stored中的“最佳实践”