(C)不兼容指针类型[LPCWSTR]

Question

当我试图使用unicode LPCWSTR types时，不兼容的指针类型无处不在--。

无论我做什么，我都被完全困住了，我一直在寻找答案，但仍然没有希望！

我的代码：

#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "Mouse.h"
#include "Keyboard.h"
//#define APP_WindowClassName "MOUSE_CLICKER"
//#define APP_WindowTitle "Mouse Clicker"

LRESULT CALLBACK app_WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProcW(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // Arg1 - A handle to the current instance of the application, Arg 2 - ???, Arg 3 - Arguments, Arg 4 - Controls how the window is to be shown.

    WNDCLASSEXW main_WindowClass = { };
    main_WindowClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEXA);
    main_WindowClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.hInstance = hInstance;
    main_WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = app_WindowProcedure;
    main_WindowClass.lpszClassName = TEXT("MOUSE_CLICKER");
    main_WindowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    main_WindowClass.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH) (TEXT(COLOR_BACKGROUND));
    main_WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursorW (NULL, TEXT(IDC_ARROW));
    main_WindowClass.hIcon = LoadIconW(NULL, TEXT(IDI_APPLICATION));
    main_WindowClass.hIconSm = LoadIconW(NULL, TEXT(IDI_APPLICATION));
    main_WindowClass.style = CS_DBLCLKS;

    //CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW a


    if (RegisterClassExW(&main_WindowClass) == 0) {
        printf ("[CRITICAL] main_WindowClass cannot be registered!");
        return -1;
    }

    HWND main_WindowHandle = CreateWindowExW (0, TEXT("MOUSE_CLICKER"), TEXT("MouseClicker"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 800, 600, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    if (main_WindowHandle == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    ShowWindow(main_WindowHandle, nCmdShow);

    printf("Unicode: %d", IsWindowUnicode(main_WindowHandle));

    MSG ProcessingMessage;
    while (GetMessage(&ProcessingMessage, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
        DispatchMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
    }
    return ProcessingMessage.wParam;

}

我的构建日志图片链接：

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PS:我是C的初学者(还在学习)，关于我做错了什么的可以理解的描述性信息会很好。

PS2:为了避免混淆，这是纯C，而不是C++。

解决方案代码：

#if defined(UNICODE) && !defined(_UNICODE)
    #define _UNICODE
#elif defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(UNICODE)
    #define UNICODE
#endif

#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "Mouse.h"
#include "Keyboard.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK app_WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProcW(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

    }
    return 0;
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // Arg1 - A handle to the current instance of the application, Arg 2 - ???, Arg 3 - Arguments, Arg 4 - Controls how the window is to be shown.

    WNDCLASSEXW main_WindowClass = { };
    main_WindowClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEXA);
    main_WindowClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.hInstance = hInstance;
    main_WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = app_WindowProcedure;
    main_WindowClass.lpszClassName = L"MOUSE_CLICKER";
    main_WindowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    main_WindowClass.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_BACKGROUND);
    main_WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursorW (NULL, (LPCWSTR) IDC_ARROW);
    main_WindowClass.hIcon = LoadIconW(NULL, (LPCWSTR) IDI_APPLICATION);
    main_WindowClass.hIconSm = LoadIconW(NULL, (LPCWSTR) IDI_APPLICATION);
    main_WindowClass.style = CS_DBLCLKS;

    //CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW a


    if (RegisterClassExW(&main_WindowClass) == 0) {
        printf ("[CRITICAL] main_WindowClass cannot be registered!");
        return -1;
    }

    HWND main_WindowHandle = CreateWindowExW (0, L"MOUSE_CLICKER", L"MouseClicker", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 800, 600, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    if (main_WindowHandle == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    ShowWindow(main_WindowHandle, nCmdShow);

    printf("Unicode: %d", IsWindowUnicode(main_WindowHandle));

    MSG ProcessingMessage;
    while (GetMessage(&ProcessingMessage, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
        DispatchMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
    }
    return ProcessingMessage.wParam;

}

Answer 1

在项目中定义UNICODE。

根据是否定义了UNICODE，TEXT扩展为LPSTR或LPWSTR。您正在显式调用*W版本的WinAPI函数，但是传递LPSTR而不是LPWSTR。用L作为字符串的前缀应该有效。也许你用它作为L("foo") -它不会这样工作。您需要使用L"foo"。

总的来说，如果您使用TEXT，您应该使用没有后缀的WinAPI函数，这样代码就可以编译并同时定义UNICODE。如果显式使用*W函数，则使用L""字符串。

Answer 2

有几种方法可以让它正常工作；既然您已经走上了使用Tchar.h的道路，那么让我们继续这条路线。

以下是您的程序的主体，当您的项目设置为构建Unicode时，将其修改为以Unicode的形式运行。

(如果您这样说的话，另一个“好处”是，您也可以通过更改项目的字符集来作为ASCII应用程序运行应用程序。)

LRESULT CALLBACK app_WindowProcedure(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // Arg1 - A handle to the current instance of the application, Arg 2 - ???, Arg 3 - Arguments, Arg 4 - Controls how the window is to be shown.

    WNDCLASSEX main_WindowClass = {};
    main_WindowClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    main_WindowClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.hInstance = hInstance;
    main_WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = app_WindowProcedure;
    main_WindowClass.lpszClassName = TEXT("MOUSE_CLICKER");
    main_WindowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    main_WindowClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BACKGROUND);
    main_WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    main_WindowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    main_WindowClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    main_WindowClass.style = CS_DBLCLKS;

    //CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW a


    if (RegisterClassEx(&main_WindowClass) == 0) {
        _tprintf(TEXT("[CRITICAL] main_WindowClass cannot be registered!"));
        return -1;
    }

    HWND main_WindowHandle = CreateWindowEx(0, TEXT("MOUSE_CLICKER"), TEXT("MouseClicker"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 800, 600, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    if (main_WindowHandle == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    ShowWindow(main_WindowHandle, nCmdShow);

    _tprintf(TEXT("Unicode: %d"), IsWindowUnicode(main_WindowHandle));

    MSG ProcessingMessage;
    while (GetMessage(&ProcessingMessage, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
        DispatchMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
    }
    return ProcessingMessage.wParam;

}

注意，特定于Unicode的函数调用被替换为它们的泛型对应函数(例如，DefWindowProcW()现在是DefWindowProc()；RegisterClassExW()现在是RegisterClassEx()；printf()现在是_tprintf()，等等)。所有文本都包装在TEXT()宏中。

另一种方法，正如您在一定程度上所做的那样，是让所有API调用...W版本的Unicode函数，并使用L前缀对硬代码文本使用Unicode文本。

一个好的经验法则是尝试选择一种或另一种技术，并始终如一地全面应用它。

Answer 3

这应该能行

#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "Mouse.h"
#include "Keyboard.h"
//#define APP_WindowClassName "MOUSE_CLICKER"
//#define APP_WindowTitle "Mouse Clicker"

LRESULT CALLBACK app_WindowProcedure(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    switch (uMsg) {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProcW(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // Arg1 - A handle to the current instance of the application, Arg 2 - ???, Arg 3 - Arguments, Arg 4 - Controls how the window is to be shown.

    WNDCLASSEXW main_WindowClass = *((WNDCLASSEXW*)malloc(sizeof(WNDCLASSEXW)));
    main_WindowClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEXA);
    main_WindowClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    main_WindowClass.hInstance = hInstance;
    main_WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = app_WindowProcedure;
    main_WindowClass.lpszClassName = L"MOUSE_CLICKER";
    main_WindowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    main_WindowClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BACKGROUND);
    main_WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursorW(NULL, (LPWSTR)IDC_ARROW);
    main_WindowClass.hIcon = LoadIconW(NULL, (LPWSTR)IDI_APPLICATION);
    main_WindowClass.hIconSm = LoadIconW(NULL, (LPWSTR)IDI_APPLICATION);
    main_WindowClass.style = CS_DBLCLKS;

    //CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW a


    if (RegisterClassExW(&main_WindowClass) == 0) {
        printf("[CRITICAL] main_WindowClass cannot be registered!");
        return -1;
    }

    HWND main_WindowHandle = CreateWindowExW(0, L"MOUSE_CLICKER", L"MouseClicker", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 800, 600, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    if (main_WindowHandle == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    ShowWindow(main_WindowHandle, nCmdShow);

    printf("Unicode: %d", IsWindowUnicode(main_WindowHandle));

    MSG ProcessingMessage;
    while (GetMessage(&ProcessingMessage, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
        DispatchMessage(&ProcessingMessage);
    }
    return ProcessingMessage.wParam;

}