在Windows 10上安装django-ldapdb

Question

我试图扩展现有的LDAP数据库，以允许用户注册WLAN设备。为此，我想利用Django框架。一个很有前途的插件是django-ldapdb，我想尝试一下。

主要问题

问题是让这个插件在我的Windows 10机器上运行。我正在使用Python3.6.1，并希望在JetBrain的PyCharm中进行开发。

通过pip install django-ldapdb安装插件会导致错误(省略号表示遗漏日志)：

(...)
running build_ext
building '_ldap' extension
creating build\temp.win32-3.6
creating build\temp.win32-3.6\Release
creating build\temp.win32-3.6\Release\Modules
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DHAVE_SASL -DHAVE_TLS -DHAVE_LIBLDAP_R -DHAVE_LIBLDAP_R -DLDAPMODULE_VERSION=2.4.28 -IModules -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/sasl -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/sasl "-Ic:\program files (x86)\python36-32\include" "-Ic:\program files (x86)\python36-32\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.6.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\winrt" /TcModules/LDAPObject.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-3.6\Release\Modules/LDAPObject.obj
LDAPObject.c
c:\users\j0hj0h\appdata\local\temp\pip-build-j0vdz6mm\pyldap\modules\errors.h(8): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'lber.h': No such file or directory
error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2

----------------------------------------
Command ""c:\program files (x86)\python36-32\python.exe" -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\j0hj0h\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-j0vdz6mm\\pyldap\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\j0hj0h\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-n_a_dcd5-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\j0hj0h\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-j0vdz6mm\pyldap\

插件页面提到了对LDAP包的依赖。由于我使用Windows，我不知道如何安装这些。

进一步调查

经过艰苦的搜索和大量的实验，我找到了一种产生不同错误的方法，我认为这是一个较小的问题。

我尝试安装Python包(pip install python-ldap)，产生了语法错误：

Collecting python-ldap
  Using cached python-ldap-2.4.32.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\J0hj0h\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-snzefz4h\python-ldap\setup.py", line 53
        print name + ': ' + cfg.get('_ldap', name)
                 ^
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in  C:\Users\J0hj0h\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-snzefz4h\python-ldap\

尝试安装替代包(pip install pyldap)会导致与安装django-ldapdb的尝试相同的错误

    (...)
    running build_ext
    building '_ldap' extension
    creating build\temp.win32-3.6
    creating build\temp.win32-3.6\Release
    creating build\temp.win32-3.6\Release\Modules
    C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DHAVE_SASL -DHAVE_TLS -DHAVE_LIBLDAP_R -DHAVE_LIBLDAP_R -DLDAPMODULE_VERSION=2.4.28 -IModules -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/sasl -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/sasl "-Ic:\program files (x86)\python36-32\include" "-Ic:\program files (x86)\python36-32\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.6.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\winrt" /TcModules/LDAPObject.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-3.6\Release\Modules/LDAPObject.obj
    LDAPObject.c
    c:\users\j0hj0h\appdata\local\temp\pip-build-rr10feu9\pyldap\modules\errors.h(8): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'lber.h': No such file or directory
    error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2

    ----------------------------------------
Command ""c:\program files (x86)\python36-32\python.exe" -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\J0hj0h\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-rr10feu9\\pyldap\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\J0hj0h\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-4vbw823_-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\J0hj0h\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-rr10feu9\pyldap\

我对此不太了解，但可以从一些地点安装软件包。两个python-ldap都失败了，但有一个错误：

python_ldap-2.4.32-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.

pyldap也是如此。我尝试了三个最新版本(pyldap‑2.4.28‑cp35‑cp35m‑win_amd64.whl、pyldap‑2.4.28‑cp36‑cp36m‑win32.whl、pyldap‑2.4.28‑cp36‑cp36m‑win_amd64.whl)，其中只有32位版本(pyldap‑2.4.28‑cp36‑cp36m‑win_amd64.whl)已经成功安装。

然后我就可以安装Django插件(pip install django-ldapdb)了。在Django项目中，我启动了一个名为ldap的应用程序，并根据插件的文档修改了settings.py：

DATABASES = {
    'ldap': {
        'ENGINE': 'ldapdb.backends.ldap',
        'NAME': 'ldap://localhost',
        'USER': 'cn=admin,dc=example,dc=org',
        'PASSWORD': 'admin',
    },
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}
DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['ldapdb.router.Router']

如果我知道使用PyCharm运行该项目，则错误将更改为缺少的模块ldap.filter：

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x03A1DBB8>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 125, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 359, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 346, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\model_checks.py", line 30, in check_all_models
    errors.extend(model.check(**kwargs))
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 1282, in check
    errors.extend(cls._check_fields(**kwargs))
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 1357, in _check_fields
    errors.extend(field.check(**kwargs))
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 909, in check
    errors = super(AutoField, self).check(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 219, in check
    errors.extend(self._check_backend_specific_checks(**kwargs))
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 321, in _check_backend_specific_checks
    if router.allow_migrate(db, app_label, model_name=self.model._meta.model_name):
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 293, in allow_migrate
    for router in self.routers:
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 251, in routers
    router = import_string(r)()
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\module_loading.py", line 20, in import_string
    module = import_module(module_path)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 936, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\ldapdb\__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    import ldap.filter
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ldap.filter'

安装OpenLDAP for Windows没有解决这个问题。

有什么建议吗？

我有点疯狂，因为我不知道如何解决这个问题，以及什么可能导致它。你知道原因是什么，以及如何让django-ldapdb在Windows上工作吗？

Answer 1

这些库在Windows中不可用。但是，使用Docker可以运行Debian容器并安装它们。缺失的图书馆是：

libldap2-dev
libsasl2-dev

安装这些设备可以安装django-ldapdb。

Answer 2

如果您想使用Python3，就必须安装pyldap。python-ldap不支持Python3。

因此，首先，下载幽门-2.4.37-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl并使用命令安装它

pip install pyldap‑2.4.37‑cp36‑cp36m‑win32.whl

然后还可以安装django-ldapdb。

pip install django-ldapdb