如何在django rest框架中获得外键的值而不是id

Question

对不起，我英语不好，希望你能理解我的意思。

把即时通讯输出出来：

[
    {
        "MainCatName": 1,
        "Name": "harry potter",
        "Image": "/media/101029496--sites-default-files-images-101029496-3176173-1748009911-hp.jp-1_MoxqrLp.jpg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": 2,
        "Name": "Princes Girl",
        "Image": "/media/character_princess_rapunzel_8320d57a.jpeg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": 3,
        "Name": "sex in the city",
        "Image": "/media/250px-SATC_Title.jpg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": 4,
        "Name": "who is dragon",
        "Image": "/media/Reggio_calabria_museo_nazionale_mosaico_da_kaulon.jpg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": 2,
        "Name": "drama queen",
        "Image": "/media/15241421_170761763390015_7913498865987146084_n.jpg"
    }
]

我想要的:

我想返回表中的FORIGN (MainCatName)值，而不是CategoryName = models.CharField(max_length=50)在models.py中的ID.ie值

喜欢

[
    {
        "MainCatName": Story Books,
        "Name": "harry potter",
        "Image": "/media/101029496--sites-default-files-images-101029496-3176173-1748009911-hp.jp-1_MoxqrLp.jpg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": Darama,
        "Name": "Princes Girl",
        "Image": "/media/character_princess_rapunzel_8320d57a.jpeg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": Roamance,
        "Name": "sex in the city",
        "Image": "/media/250px-SATC_Title.jpg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": sex,
        "Name": "who is dragon",
        "Image": "/media/Reggio_calabria_museo_nazionale_mosaico_da_kaulon.jpg"
    },
    {
        "MainCatName": darama,
        "Name": "drama queen",
        "Image": "/media/15241421_170761763390015_7913498865987146084_n.jpg"
    }
]

这是我的代码：

veiws.py :

class GETCATVeiw(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        data = Products.objects.only('MainCatName','Name','Image')
        serializer = GETCAT(data, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self):
        pass

models.py :

class Category(models.Model):
    CategoryName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    class Meta:
            verbose_name_plural = 'Categories'

        def __str__(self):
        return self.CategoryName

class Products(models.Model):
    MainCatName = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    Name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    Image = models.ImageField()
    Price = models.IntegerField()
    DiscriptionHeading = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    DiscriptionParagraph = models.TextField(max_length=1000)

    class Meta:
            verbose_name_plural = 'Products'

        def __str__(self):
            return str(self.MainCatName)+' - '+self.Name+' - '+str(self.Price)+' $'

serializers.py :

class GETCAT(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Products
        fields = ('MainCatName', 'Name', 'Image')

Answer 1

您可以使用SlugRelatedField：

class GETCAT(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    MainCatName = serializers.SlugRelatedField(read_only=True, slug_field='CategoryName')
    class Meta:
        model = Products
        fields = ('MainCatName', 'Name', 'Image')

编辑:我不确定它是否适用于Products.objects.only('MainCatName','Name','Image')，因为您将跨越数据库关系。此外，您可能希望使用select_related来避免获取N+1 DB查询。

Answer 2

泛型Django方法是在模型上定义自然键，在本例中是Category

1. 按自然键序列化:将natural_key(self)方法添加到您的Category类中，在该类中返回类别的CategoryName。它必须是独一无二的！ def natural_key(self)：返回self.CategoryName
2. 按自然键反序列化:要为类别模型定义默认管理器： objects = CategoryManager() 并在您的get_by_natural_key(self, name)类中定义CategoryManager(models.Manager)方法，该方法返回类别： 类CategoryManager(models.Manager)：def get_by_natural_key(self，name)：返回self.get(CategoryName=name)