我在问自己Python3.6是否有类的默认构造函数。所以我写了一些代码来测试这个。但我的问题比我开始测试的时候还多。
我试图理解为什么myCat在我的程序的第11行上构造ok,但是我无法解释为什么我的程序的第27行要求知道自己
如果你能帮忙,请回顾一下Python代码和输出.说得通吗?我制作了两个文件animal.py和an_test_program.py。
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#animal.py file ==============================
class animal:
name = ""
height = 0
weight = 0
def __init__( self, name, height, weight):
self.name = name
self.height = height
self.weight = weight
def printvars(self):
print(self.name)
print(self.height)
print(self.weight)
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#an_animal_program.py ==============================
import animal as an
#Instantiate a variable of type animal using the special constructor of the class
myDog = an.animal('Capitan', 30, 70)
print('myDog\'s name is ' + myDog.name)
myDog.printvars()
#now play around with Python and discover some things...
#Instantiate a variable of type animal without using the special constructor
myCat = an.animal
print('myCat\'s name is ' + myCat.name)
print('myCat\'s height is ' + "%d" % (myCat.height))
print('myCat\'s weight is ' + "%d" % (myCat.weight))
#notice everything in myCat is empty or zero
#thats because myCat is not initialized with data
#none-the-less myCat is a viable object, otherwise Python would puke out myCat
myCat.name = 'Backstreet'
print('myCat\'s name is ' + myCat.name) # now myCat.name has data in it
#Ouch... this next line produces an error:
#myCat.printvars()
#"an_test_program.py", line 21, in <module>
# myCat.printvars()
#TypeError: printvars() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'
myCat.printvars(myCat) #ok, I'm rolling with it, but this is wierd !!!
#oh well, enough of the wierdness, see if the myCat var can be
#reinstantiated with an animal class that is correctly constructed
myCat = an.animal('Backstreet', 7, 5)
myCat.printvars()
#I'm trying to understand why myCat constructed ok on line 11
#But I can't explain why line 27 demanded to know itself
#the output is:
# RESTART: an_test_program.py
#myDog's name is Capitan
#Capitan
#30
#70
#myCat's name is
#myCat's height is 0
#myCat's weight is 0
#myCat's name is Backstreet
#Backstreet
#0
#0
#Backstreet
#7
#5发布于 2017-03-19 13:30:51
你什么都没做。您只创建了对animal类的另一个引用。
该类已经具有name、height和weight属性,因此print()语句可以访问这些属性并打印值。您还可以为这些类属性提供一个不同的值,因此myCat.name = 'Backstreet'也能工作。不过,这种变化也可以通过animal.name看到。
myCat.printvars是对您定义的方法的引用,但它是未绑定的;这里没有实例,只有类对象,因此没有什么可以将self设置为。在本例中,您可以显式地传递self的值,这就是myCat.printvars(myCat)工作的原因;您显式地将self设置为myCat,并且该类对象具有此操作所需的属性。
您仍然可以从myCat引用中创建实际实例:
an_actual_cat = myCat('Felix', 10, 15)请记住,Python中的所有名称都是引用;可以通过赋值来对对象进行更多的引用:
foo = an.animal
bar = an.animal现在,foo和bar都指向animal类。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42887152
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