为什么我不能安装这个软件包？

Question

我不能要求以下软件包在一个控制项目。

$ php composer.phar require -v con4gis/con4gis_forum
Using version ^1.7 for con4gis/con4gis_forum
./composer.json has been updated
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Dependency resolution completed in 0.026 seconds
Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.

  Problem 1
    - Conclusion: don't install con4gis/con4gis_forum v1.7.1
    - Installation request for con4gis/con4gis_forum ^1.7 -> satisfiable by con4gis/con4gis_forum[v1.7.0, v1.7.1].
    - con4gis/con4gis_forum v1.7.0 requires con4gis/con4gis_core ~1.7 -> satisfiable by con4gis/con4gis_core[v1.7.0, v1.7.1].
    - con4gis/con4gis_core v1.7.0 requires menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard 3.3.8 -> satisfiable by menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard[3.3.8].
    - con4gis/con4gis_core v1.7.1 requires menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard 3.3.8 -> satisfiable by menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard[3.3.8].
    - Conclusion: don't install menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard 3.3.8


$ php composer.phar why-not menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard
contao-legacy/semantic_html5      1.1.7.9014    requires  contao-legacy/multicolumnwizard (>=3.0.0,<4.0.0-dev)  
metamodels/attribute_alias        2.0.0-alpha2  requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (~3.3)             
metamodels/core                   2.0.0-alpha9  requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (~3.3)             
psi/news4ward                     2.2.3         requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (~3)               
terminal42/contao-changelanguage  3.1.0         requires  menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard (^3.3)     

我检查了为什么不打印的所有要求，并且3.3.8已经是绿色的，即满足于https://semver.mwl.be/#?package=menatwork%2Fcontao-multicolumnwizard&version=%5E3.3&minimum-stability=stable

怎么一回事？

删除composer.lock也没有帮助。

作曲家版本是最新稳定的。

Composer.json

{
    "name": "local/website",
    "description": "A local website project",
    "type": "project",
    "license": "proprietary",
    "require": {
    "cgo-it/news4ward-rateit": "dev-master",
    "contao-legacy/ce_page_teaser": "~1.5",
    "contao-legacy/efg": ">=2.2.1.9005,<2.3-dev",
    "contao-legacy/om_searchkeys": "~1.0",
    "contao-legacy/rocksolid-columns": ">=1.0.6.9006,<1.1-dev",
    "contao-legacy/semantic_html5": ">=1.1.7.9014,<1.2-dev",
    "contao-legacy/survey_ce": "3.0.2.9003",
    "imi/imi_mm_changelanguage": "*",
    "jakeasmith/http_build_url": "^1",
    "madeyourday/contao-rocksolid-columns": ">=1.0.7.0,<1.1-dev",
    "metamodels/bundle_all": "dev-master",
    "phpoffice/phpexcel": "dev-master",
    "psi/news4ward": ">=2.2.3.0,<2.3-dev",
    "psi/news4ward_archive-menu": "2.0.8",
    "psi/news4ward_author-menu": "2.0.2",
    "psi/news4ward_comments": "2.1.0",
    "psi/news4ward_metatitle": "dev-master#d2c09fb47441c05011ddcc5b08e54aae138a8ab7",
    "psi/news4ward_mostread": "2.1.0",
    "psi/news4ward_multicategories": "1.0.5",
    "psi/news4ward_related": "2.1.0",
    "psi/news4ward_tags": "2.1.1",
    "contao-community-alliance/dc-general": "^2.0.0-beta32",
    "querypath/QueryPath": "^3.0",
    "terminal42/contao-changelanguage": "^3.1",
    "contao-community-alliance/composer-client": "~0.14",
    "delahaye/dlh_googlemaps": "^2.2",
    "contao-legacy/inputvar": "1.1.1.9048"
    },
    "prefer-stable": true,
    "minimum-stability": "dev",
    "config": {
    "preferred-install": "dist",
    "cache-dir": "cache",
    "component-dir": "../assets/components"
    },
    "repositories": [
    {
        "type": "artifact",
        "url": "packages"
    },
    {
        "type": "composer",
        "url": "https://legacy-packages-via.contao-community-alliance.org/"
    }
    ],
    "extra": {
    "contao": {
        "migrated": "done"
    }
    }
}

Answer 1

将composer.json复制到本地文件，从其中移除artifact存储库，并运行composer install将导致无法找到legacy/survey_ce 3.0.2.9003的消息。然而，据报道，3.0.2.9005是可用的，所以我继续这样做。

再次运行composer install会产生一组可解析的依赖项。再次运行composer require命令将产生相同的错误消息。我想我现在也在同一个地方。

运行composer show来列出所有已安装的包，就会发现这个错误的包已经安装在3.3.10版本中。

menatwork/contao-multicolumnwizard               3.3.10             MultiColumWizard for Contao OpenSource CMS

这解释了为什么不能安装依赖项，因为Composer通常不会降低已经安装的包的等级。然而，给出的暗示并没有真正解释到底发生了什么。

正如我在评论中提到的，您应该尝试立即彻底检查您的依赖关系：

1. 您依赖的是固定版本。检查是否可以放宽版本号以允许进行兼容的更新。如果库作者声明他们支持语义版本控制，那么这是最简单的，如果他们还声明了如何获得补丁，那么他们也很容易明确表示不支持它。
2. 您依赖于dev-master版本。依赖于分支会在某个时候破坏您的项目！检查正在使用的库是否发布了标记版本。检查当前引用的最接近的版本。将依赖关系从dev-master更改为该版本(包括第一点讨论的兼容更新)，并查看项目是否仍然工作。
3. 您还依赖于废弃的版本。您应该将依赖项升级到引用的包中--但是这并不一定是一个轻松的转换，可能需要进行一些更改。但是这将有助于减少包的数量，因为看起来许多contao-legacy库都是以menatwork的形式重新发布的，并且确实会得到更新。而这些图书馆应该能够被转换。