带有对象列表的反/序列化

Question

我试图在一个XML中保存和读取多个对象。

函数序列化没有使用我现有的列表，但我不知道为什么。我已经尝试过编译它，但是我得到了一个错误，它说，该方法需要一个对象引用。

Program.cs：

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<Cocktail> lstCocktails = new List<Cocktail>();
            listCocktails.AddRange(new Cocktail[]
            {
                new Cocktail(1,"Test",true,true,
                new Cocktail(1, "Test4", true, true, 0)
        });


            Serialize(lstCocktails);

        }

        public void Serialize(List<Cocktail> list)
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Cocktail>));
            using (TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(@"C:\Users\user\Desktop\MapSample\bin\Debug\ListCocktail.xml"))
            {
                serializer.Serialize(writer, list);
            }
        }

        private void DiserializeFunc()
        {
            var myDeserializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Cocktail>));
            using (var myFileStream = new FileStream(@"C:\Users\user\Desktop\MapSample\bin\Debug\ListCocktail.xml", FileMode.Open))
            {
                ListCocktails = (List<Cocktail>)myDeserializer.Deserialize(myFileStream);
            }
        }

Cocktail.cs：

    [Serializable()]
    [XmlRoot("locations")]
    public class Cocktail
    {

        [XmlElement("id")]
        public int CocktailID { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("name")]
        public string CocktailName { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("alc")]
        public bool alcohol { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("visible")]
        public bool is_visible { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("counter")]
        public int counter { get; set; }
        private XmlSerializer ser;

        public Cocktail() {
            ser = new XmlSerializer(this.GetType());
        }
        public Cocktail(int id, string name, bool alc,bool vis,int count)
        {
            this.CocktailID = id;
            this.CocktailName = name;
            this.alcohol = alc;
            this.is_visible = vis;
            this.counter = count;
        }
    }
}

我还认为我把DiserializeFunc()搞砸了。

Answer 1

您非常接近于正确实现Cocktail类，但我认为您对如何序列化列表感到困惑。Cocktail对象类的实现非常好，只需去掉与列表相关的函数即可。

using System;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace Serialization_Help
{
    [Serializable()]
    [XmlRoot("locations")]
    public class Cocktail
    {

        [XmlElement("id")]
        public int CocktailID { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("name")]
        public string CocktailName { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("alc")]
        public bool alcohol { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("visible")]
        public bool is_visible { get; set; }
        [XmlElement("counter")]
        public int counter { get; set; }
        public Cocktail() {

        }
        public Cocktail(int id, string name, bool alc, bool vis, int count)
        {
            this.CocktailID = id;
            this.CocktailName = name;
            this.alcohol = alc;
            this.is_visible = vis;
            this.counter = count;
        }
    }
}

现在，在您的新函数中，您希望直接序列化列表。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace Serialization_Help
{
    class Program {
        static void Main(string[] args) {
            List<Cocktail> list = new List<Cocktail> {
                new Cocktail(01, "rum and coke", true, true, 5),
                new Cocktail(02, "water on the rocks", false, true, 3)
            };
            Serialize(list);
            List<Cocktail> deserialized = DiserializeFunc();
        }

        public static void Serialize(List<Cocktail> list) {

            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Cocktail>));
            using (TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + @"\ListCocktail.xml")) serializer.Serialize(writer, list);
        }

        private static List<Cocktail> DiserializeFunc() {
            var myDeserializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Cocktail>));
            using (var myFileStream = new FileStream(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + @"\ListCocktail.xml", FileMode.Open)) return (List<Cocktail>)myDeserializer.Deserialize(myFileStream);
        }
    }
}

这样做应该正确地打印出以下.xml输出：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ArrayOfCocktail xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Cocktail>
    <id>1</id>
    <name>rum and coke</name>
    <alc>true</alc>
    <visible>true</visible>
    <counter>5</counter>
  </Cocktail>
  <Cocktail>
    <id>2</id>
    <name>water on the rocks</name>
    <alc>false</alc>
    <visible>true</visible>
    <counter>3</counter>
  </Cocktail>
</ArrayOfCocktail>

请记住，我没有为该文件提供任何标准安全检查或空检查的实现。您必须通过使用File.Exists(...) (有关File.Exists实现，请参阅此处)来检查文件本身是否存在，并实现正确的try和catch情况，以及如果它遇到序列化或输入/输出错误，您的代码将选择做什么。

Answer 2

最好使用ExtendedXmlSerializer来序列化和反序列化。

可以从安装ExtendedXmlSerializer或运行以下命令：

Install-Package ExtendedXmlSerializer

Serialization:

ExtendedXmlSerializer serializer = new ExtendedXmlSerializer();
var list = new List<Cocktail>();
var xml = serializer.Serialize(list);

Deserialization

var list = serializer.Deserialize<List<Cocktail>>(xml);

标准XML序列化程序在.NET中是非常有限的.

• 不支持具有循环引用的类的序列化，也不支持具有接口属性的类的序列化，
• 不支持字典，
• 没有读取旧版本XML的机制，
• 如果要创建自定义序列化程序，则类必须从IXmlSerializable继承。这意味着你的类不会是POCO类，
• 不支持IoC。

ExtendedXmlSerializer可以做到这一点，还有更多。

ExtendedXmlSerializer支持.NET 4.5或更高版本和.NET Core。您可以将其与WebApi和AspCore集成。