如何创建相关的符号链接powershell方式？

Question

在powershell 5.1中创建相对符号链接并不那么简单。New-Item没有像预期的那样工作。下文列出了一些办法。我是不是遗漏了什么？

所有示例的示例设置：

mkdir C:\Temp\foo -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
'sample contents' > C:\Temp\foo\foo.txt
cd C:\Temp

Sample1：不像预期的那样工作吗

#new ps5 Item cmdlets (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/wmf/5.0/feedback_symbolic) are not working well with relative paths
#C:\Temp\foo and C:\Temp\foo\foo.txt are returned
$fld = New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Name 'bar' -Target '.\foo'
$fl = New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Name 'bar.txt' -Target '.\foo\foo.txt'
$fld.Target
$fl.Target

Sample2：不像预期的那样工作吗

#Powershell community extensions
#same problem - paths are created as absolute: C:\Temp\foo C:\Temp\foo\foo.txt
$fld = New-Symlink 'c:\Temp\bar' '.\foo'
$fl = New-Symlink 'c:\Temp\bar.txt' '.\foo\foo.txt'
$fld.Target
$fl.Target

Sample3:按预期工作

#API call CreateSymbolicLink as per https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/new-symlink-60d2531e
#.\foo and .\foo\foo.txt are returned
Add-Type -MemberDefinition @'
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateSymbolicLinkW", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool CreateSymbolicLink(string lpSymlinkFileName, string lpTargetFileName, int dwFlags);

    public static DirectoryInfo CreateSymbolicLinkToFolder(string lpSymlinkFileName, string lpTargetFileName) {
        bool res = CreateSymbolicLink(lpSymlinkFileName, lpTargetFileName, 1);
        if (!res) { throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); }
        return (new DirectoryInfo(lpSymlinkFileName));
    }

    public static FileInfo CreateSymbolicLinkToFile(string lpSymlinkFileName, string lpTargetFileName) {
        bool res = CreateSymbolicLink(lpSymlinkFileName, lpTargetFileName, 0);
        if (!res) { throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); }
        return (new FileInfo(lpSymlinkFileName));
    }
'@ -Name Win32 -NameSpace System -UsingNamespace System.ComponentModel, System.IO
[Win32]::CreateSymbolicLinkToFolder("c:\Temp\bar", ".\foo")
[Win32]::CreateSymbolicLinkToFile("c:\Temp\bar.txt", ".\foo\foo.txt")

Sample4:按预期工作

#using mklink from cmd produces correct relative paths
#.\foo and .\foo\foo.txt are returned
cmd /c mklink /d "c:\Temp\bar" ".\foo"
cmd /c mklink "c:\Temp\bar.txt" ".\foo\foo.txt"
(Get-Item "c:\Temp\bar").Target
(Get-Item "c:\Temp\bar.txt").Target

编辑: Sample3已更新为unicode条目和GetLastError。

Answer 1

从pwsh7.1.X开始，sample1按预期工作：

#new ps5 Item cmdlets (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/wmf/5.0/feedback_symbolic) are not working well with relative paths
#C:\Temp\foo and C:\Temp\foo\foo.txt are returned
$fld = New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Name 'bar' -Target '.\foo'
$fl = New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Name 'bar.txt' -Target '.\foo\foo.txt'
$fld.Target
$fl.Target

Answer 2

您可以尝试将此函数添加到$PROFILE中。

Function SymbolicLink-Add 
{
[CmdLetBinding( )]
Param ( [string] $File, [string] $SymbolicLinkFolder )

$LinkFile = (Get-Item $File)

if ( $false -eq $LinkFile.Exists )
{
    return "Cannot create symbolic link file does not exist: [$File]"
}

if ( $false -eq ( Test-Path $SymbolicLinkFolder ) )
{
    New-Item -Type Directory -Path $SymbolicLinkFolder 
    -ErrorAction Stop
}

New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $SymbolicLinkFolder -Name 
$LinkFile.Name -Value $LinkFile
}

Answer 3

试着做这样的事情：

$fld = [string]"C:\Temp\bar"
$fl = [string]"C:\Temp\foo\foo.txt"

# Link to File
New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Target $fl -Path $fld  -Force

# Link to Directory
New-Item -ItemType Junction -Path C:\Temp\bar -Target C:\Temp\foo -Force