如何匹配具有相同名称的文件并在shell脚本中合并它们？

Question

我试图将几个文件合并到一个具有类似命名模式的文件夹中，而不管目录如何。

文件结构如下：

20170219-A20-L1-AB1234_S1_R1_001.txt
20170211-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S1_R1_001.txt
20170210-C20-L1-AB1234-3_S1_R1_001.txt  
20170211-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S2_R1_001.txt
20170210-C20-L1-AB1234-3_S2_R1_001.txt

我的标准是找出包含_S1和_S2的文件，并将所有_S1文件合并到一个新的单一文件中，将所有_S2文件合并到一个新的单一文件中。

我的预期输出可以是20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S1_R1_001_merge.txt和20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S2_R1_001_merge.txt。我对合并的文件名没有任何特定的要求，但我希望这些合并的文件位于同一个文件夹中。

我一直试图使用grep和cut命令，但是for循环不起作用。我发现很难理解shell中的正则表达式。

请帮助我构建逻辑。

Answer 1

如果您正在搜索的文件位于您的工作目录中，但不会合并其他目录中的任何文件，则上述两种解决方案都是合适的。为了重新创建您的问题，我执行了以下操作，然后尝试根据您的初始请求解决它：

根据您的规范创建的文件：

$ touch $(date +%Y%m%d)_{A,B}{20,21}_L{1,3}_AB1234_{1,3}_S{1,2}_R1_001.txt
$ touch $(date +%Y%m%d)_{A,B}{20,21}_L{1,3}_AB1234_S{1,2}_R1_001.txt
$ ls | wc -l
48

创建一个参数myText，其中包含48行随机文本生成的Lorem：

$ echo "${myText}" | wc -l
    48

为每个文件提供myText中的每一行

$ ls -t1 | awk '{print NR" "$0}' | while read i j; do echo "${myText}" | awk -v var=${i} 'NR==var {print}' >> ${j}; done
$ for i in `ls -t1`; do echo -n " ${i}: "; cat ${i}; done
 20170219_B21_L3_AB1234_3_S1_R1_001.txt: This is additional line two
 20170219_B21_L3_AB1234_3_S2_R1_001.txt: line three
...
 20170219_A20_L3_AB1234_S1_R1_001.txt: Phasellus ut quam eu lacus aliquet vehicula.
 20170219_A20_L1_AB1234_S1_R1_001.txt: Proin nec orci accumsan, pharetra sapien sed, gravida arcu.
 20170219_B21_L3_AB1234_S2_R1_001.txt: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit

然后我合并了所有的...S1..。还有...S2..。文件(这将发现任何符合我的条件的文件以及从我的主目录向下；要附加而不是覆盖，请使用cat >> file而不是cat > file -这取决于在脚本需要重新运行之前是否清理了这些文件)：

$ find ~ -type f -iname "[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_[A,B]*S1*" -exec cat > AB1234_S1_R1_001_merged.txt {} +
$ find ~ -type f -iname "[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_[A,B]*S2*" -exec cat > AB1234_S2_R1_001_merged.txt {} +

结果：

$ for i in `ls | grep merged`; do echo; echo "--- ${i} ---"; cat ${i}; done

--- AB1234_S1_R1_001_merged.txt ---
Donec et ante tempor, hendrerit est ut, egestas massa.
Donec laoreet erat a sapien finibus venenatis.
Etiam eget urna eu ipsum dapibus aliquet.
Phasellus ut quam eu lacus aliquet vehicula.
Phasellus sed lorem ac odio rutrum vehicula.
Aliquam ac eros ut risus fringilla fringilla.
Curabitur a purus ultricies sem venenatis auctor.
Praesent dignissim justo non diam ultrices, nec fermentum lectus dictum.
Donec imperdiet mi sit amet quam iaculis rhoncus.
Nam vitae neque vehicula, consectetur dui porttitor, placerat libero.
Nulla eget diam iaculis augue interdum posuere.
Fusce a diam ac neque accumsan sagittis.
Sed feugiat mi eget augue euismod, et laoreet urna dictum.
This is additional line two
Vestibulum egestas tellus non justo fringilla viverra eget eu neque.
Aliquam porttitor nisi nec laoreet vestibulum.
Donec congue diam ut leo commodo mattis.
Quisque egestas odio sit amet diam efficitur, non accumsan magna blandit.
Donec convallis metus at iaculis pellentesque.
Nam a ligula venenatis, consectetur lectus et, dictum erat.
Proin nec orci accumsan, pharetra sapien sed, gravida arcu.
Curabitur volutpat nibh nec leo tempus, at sagittis lacus euismod.
Mauris blandit sem ac lectus varius lobortis.
In eu ipsum et felis lobortis dictum.

--- AB1234_S2_R1_001_merged.txt ---
Aenean id orci sit amet lacus tincidunt molestie.
Duis pretium tellus dapibus lorem rhoncus, at tincidunt mauris pellentesque.
Integer hendrerit mauris sit amet nunc aliquam, id congue justo pulvinar.
Praesent dapibus augue ac enim consequat, vitae feugiat enim scelerisque.
This is additional line one
Sed sit amet dolor accumsan, commodo magna at, aliquet neque.
Quisque porttitor sapien sed orci vulputate, ac porta ante sollicitudin.
In malesuada leo sit amet purus accumsan porttitor commodo eu eros.
Integer ut odio elementum, viverra velit at, molestie nulla.
Suspendisse suscipit lorem id suscipit consectetur.
Donec vulputate nibh eget imperdiet volutpat.
Curabitur sit amet libero eget nulla viverra iaculis sit amet eget eros.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Maecenas imperdiet nisl quis arcu blandit, sed pretium mi auctor.
Sed sit amet nunc faucibus, ultricies elit quis, sodales magna.
Nulla pharetra mauris eu quam sollicitudin ornare in et metus.
Ut convallis nibh in tempus fringilla.
In ornare erat quis sodales hendrerit.
Phasellus molestie erat commodo est venenatis, ullamcorper tempus elit hendrerit.
Nam mollis ante in purus suscipit, quis facilisis risus efficitur.
Integer pellentesque sem eget diam ultrices, eget vulputate ante pharetra.
Mauris ac nisl vitae sapien lacinia ornare nec nec felis.
line three
Sed dapibus ipsum eu purus interdum, at varius libero ornare.

这回答问题了吗？

Answer 2

就像这样：

#!/bin/bash

for i in 'S1' 'S2'
do
    cat *_"$i"_R[0-9]*_[0-9]*.txt > "$i".txt
done

使用for语句中给出的列表(本例中为S1& S2 )，使用regex模式对文件进行猫化，并为列表中的每个元素发送输出到单个文件。合并后的输出文件将是S1.txt和S2.txt。如果需要的话，您可以使用regex来使其更严格。

Answer 3

以下将有助于：

cat *_s1*  > 20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S1_R1_001_merge.txt
cat *_s2*  > 20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S2_R1_001_merge.txt