我试图测量线程切换开销时间。我有两个线程,一个共享变量,一个互斥锁和两个条件变量。两个线程将来回切换以将1或0写入共享变量。
我假设pthread_cond_wait(&cond &mutex)等待时间大约等于2x线程上下文切换时间。因为如果一个thread1必须等待一个条件变量,那么它必须将互斥锁放弃给线程2-> thread2上下文开关,->thread2执行它的任务,并向条件变量发出信号以唤醒第一个线程->上下文切换回thread1->thread1重新获取锁。
我的假设正确吗?
我的代码如下:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
int var = 0;
int setToZero = 1;
int count = 5000;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t isZero = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t isOne = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
struct timespec firstStart;
unsigned long long timespecDiff(struct timespec *timeA_p, struct timespec *timeB_p)
{
return ((timeA_p->tv_sec * 1000000000) + timeA_p->tv_nsec) -
((timeB_p->tv_sec * 1000000000) + timeB_p->tv_nsec);
}
void* thread1(void* param)
{
int rc;
struct timespec previousStart;
struct timespec start; //start timestamp
struct timespec stop; //stop timestamp
unsigned long long result;
int idx = 0;
int measurements[count];
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &stop);
result = timespecDiff(&stop,&firstStart);
printf("first context-switch time:%llu\n", result);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &previousStart);
while(count > 0){
//acquire lock
rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&start);
while(setToZero){
pthread_cond_wait(&isOne,&mutex); // use condition variables so the threads don't busy wait inside local cache
}
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&stop);
var = 0;
count--;
setToZero = 1;
//printf("in thread1\n");
pthread_cond_signal(&isZero);
//end of critical section
rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); //release lock
result = timespecDiff(&stop,&start);
measurements[idx] = result;
idx++;
}
result = 0;
int i = 0;
while(i < idx)
{
result += measurements[i++];
}
result = result /(2*idx);
printf("thread1 result: %llu\n",result);
}
void* thread2(void* param)
{
int rc;
struct timespec previousStart;
struct timespec start; //start timestamp
struct timespec stop; //stop timestamp
unsigned long long result;
int idx = 0;
int measurements[count];
while(count > 0){
//acquire lock
rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&start);
while(!setToZero){
pthread_cond_wait(&isZero,&mutex);
}
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&stop);
var = 1;
count--;
setToZero = 0;
//printf("in thread2\n");
pthread_cond_signal(&isOne);
//end of critical section
rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); //release lock
result = timespecDiff(&stop,&start);
measurements[idx] = result;
idx++;
}
result = 0;
int i = 0;
while(i < idx)
{
result += measurements[i++];
}
result = result /(2*idx);
printf("thread2 result: %llu\n",result);
}
int main(){
pthread_t threads[2];
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,&firstStart);
pthread_create(&threads[0],&attr,thread1,NULL);
pthread_create(&threads[1],&attr,thread2,NULL);
printf("waiting...\n");
pthread_join(threads[0],NULL);
pthread_join(threads[1],NULL);
pthread_cond_destroy(&isOne);
pthread_cond_destroy(&isZero);
}我得到的时间如下:
first context-switch time:144240
thread1 result: 3660
thread2 result: 3770发布于 2017-04-07 15:39:08
你说:
我假设pthread_cond_wait(&cond &mutex)等待时间大约等于2x线程上下文切换时间。
这不是一个正确的假设。一旦互斥锁被释放,这就通知内核,内核必须唤醒另一个线程。它可能不会立即选择这样做,例如,如果有其他线程等待运行。正如它的名字所暗示的那样,这个互斥体可以保证什么时候会发生而不是。它不能保证他们什么时候会这样做。
您不能指望从进程中可靠地度量上下文切换,当然也不能使用Posix API,因为没有一个承诺会这样做。
/proc/[pid]/status计算进程或线程的上下文开关。我不知道这些是否能让你达到目标。我怀疑您真正想知道的是使用多线程系统对性能的影响有多大,但这需要您作为一个整体来度量应用程序的性能。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42242586
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