Tkinter不显示图像的权利

Question

我正在Tkinter上制作一个图像处理程序，我的一个功能是从用户选择的图像中生成Popart风格的图像。但是这个功能需要相当长的时间，所以我决定添加一个图片，上面写着：“图像在治疗中，请稍候……”而这个节目正在制作流行音乐的形象。但它不适用于修改。它只是启动函数，就好像它跳过了我要求它显示图像的那部分。这就是问题函数：

def usepop():
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\traitement.png") #The image "traitement.png" doesn't get displayed
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)
    pop_art(a, None, coef=4)
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

这是完整的代码：

from tkinter import*
import tkinter as Tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog, DISABLED, messagebox as tkMessageBox
import os
import ntpath
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageFilter
import PIL
from collections import Counter
from random import randint
import random


def EchelleDeGris():
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
    px=Ima1.load()
    px1=Ima2.load()
    for x in range(z[0]):
        for y in range(z[1]):
            p=px[x,y]
            o=int((p[0]+p[1]+p[2])/3)
            px1[x,y]=(o,o,o)
    Ima2.save(""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def SupprimerImage():
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=imt)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def Luminosite():
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
    px=Ima1.load()
    px1=Ima2.load()
    for x in range(z[0]):
        for y in range(z[1]):
            p=px[x,y]
            px1[x,y]=(p[0]+S1.get(),p[1]+S1.get(),p[2]+S1.get())
    Ima2.save(""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def AnnulerModifications():
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im1)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def get_pixel(pixels, x, y):
    try:
        return pixels[x, y]
    except IndexError:
        return None


def get_neighbors(pixels, x, y):
    neighbors = list()
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x, y - 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x, y + 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y - 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x - 1, y + 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y - 1))
    neighbors.append(get_pixel(pixels, x + 1, y + 1))
    return neighbors


def filter_art(pixels, size):
    indexes = dict()
    for x in range(size[0]):
        for y in range(size[1]):
            color = get_pixel(pixels, x, y)
            neighbors = get_neighbors(pixels, x, y)
            new_color = Counter(neighbors).most_common()[0][0]
            if new_color is not None:
                indexes[x, y] = new_color
    for x, y in indexes:
        pixels[x, y] = indexes[x, y]


def pop_art(path_orig, path_mod, coef):

    s=[]
    for i in range(9):

        r=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255))
        g=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255))
        b=(randint(0,255), randint(0,255), randint(0,255))

        image_orig = Image.open(path_orig)
        size = image_orig.size
        image_mod = Image.new("RGB",(size[0],size[1]))
        pixels_orig = image_orig.load()
        pixels_mod = image_mod.load()
        for x in range(size[0]):
            for y in range(size[1]):
                p = pixels_orig[x, y]
                if isinstance(p, int):
                    rgb = (p,p,p)
                elif isinstance(p, tuple) and len(p) in (3, 4):
                    rgb = p[:3]
                else:
                    raise TypeError('Unknown pallete')
                average_color = sum(rgb) / 3
                if average_color <= 85:
                    pixels_mod[x, y] = r
                elif 85 < average_color <= 170:
                    pixels_mod[x, y] = g
                elif average_color > 170:
                    pixels_mod[x, y] = b
        for _ in range(coef):
            filter_art(pixels_mod, size)
        image_mod.save(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Modified Images\\result'+str(i)+'.png')
        Img=[None]*9
    for i in range(9):
        Img[i]=Image.open(""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Modified Images\\result"+str(i)+".png")
        basewidth = int(Img[i].size[1]/3)
        wpercent = (basewidth / float(Img[i].size[0]))
        hsize = int((float(Img[i].size[1]) * float(wpercent )))
        Img[i] = Img[i].resize((basewidth , hsize ), PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS)
        Img[i].save(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Resized Images\\resized_image'+str(i)+'.png')


    Img1=[None]*9
    pixels1=[None]*9
    Imaz=Image.new("RGB",(basewidth*3,hsize*3))
    pixels=Imaz.load()
    for i in range(9):
        Img1[i]=Image.open(''+dir_path+'\\PopArt\\Resized Images\\resized_image'+str(i)+'.png')
        pixels1[i]=Img1[i].load()


    for x in range(0,basewidth):
        for y in range(0,hsize):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[0][x,y]
        for y in range(hsize,hsize*2):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[1][x,y-hsize]
        for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[2][x,y-hsize*2]

    for x in range(basewidth,basewidth*2):
        for y in range(0,hsize):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[3][x-basewidth,y]
        for y in range(hsize,hsize*2):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[4][x-basewidth,y-hsize]
        for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[5][x-basewidth,y-hsize*2]

    for x in range(basewidth*2,basewidth*3):
        for y in range(0,hsize):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[6][x-basewidth*2,y]
        for y in range(hsize,hsize*2):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[7][x-basewidth*2,y-hsize]
        for y in range(hsize*2,hsize*3):
            pixels[x,y]=pixels1[8][x-basewidth*2,y-hsize*2]
    Imaz = Imaz.resize((size[0] , size[1] ), PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS)
    Imaz.save(""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png")


def usepop():
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\traitement.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)
    pop_art(a, None, coef=4)
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def change_contrast(level):

    img = Image.open(a)
    img.load()

    factor = (259 * (level+255)) / (255 * (259-level))
    for x in range(img.size[0]):
        for y in range(img.size[1]):
            color = img.getpixel((x, y))
            new_color = tuple(int(factor * (c-128) + 128) for c in color)
            img.putpixel((x, y), new_color)

    return img

def use_contrast():
    result = change_contrast(S2.get())
    result.save(""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)

def recherche_contours():
    Ima2=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
    px=Ima1.load()
    px1=Ima2.load()
    for x in range(z[0]):
        for y in range(z[1]):
            p=px[x,y]
            o=int((p[0]+p[1]+p[2])/3)
            px1[x,y]=(o,o,o)
    Ima2 = Ima2.filter(ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES)
    Ima2.save(""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"ImageMod.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)




main=Tk()

main.withdraw()
a = filedialog.askopenfilename()
main.deiconify()

dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath("Test2.py"))

main.configure(background="#a1dbcd")
main.title("Photoshop Version.Megzari")

Ima1=Image.open(a)
z=Ima1.size
nux=Image.new("RGB",(z[0],z[1]))
nuxy=nux.load()
for x in range(z[0]):
    for y in range(z[1]):
        nuxy[x,y]=(255,255,255)
nux.save("Blank.png")








if z>(400,400):
    main.withdraw()
    tkMessageBox.showinfo( "Resolution Error", "The image is too big, please select a smaller one.")
    sys.exit()


elif z<(400,400):
    im1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=a)
    I1 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im1)
    I1.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan =3)
    imt = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file="Blank.png")
    T1 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=imt)
    T1.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)
    B1 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Echelle de gris", command = EchelleDeGris, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", state=NORMAL)
    B1.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=0)
    B3 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Appliquer Luminosité", command = Luminosite, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B3.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=1)
    S1 = Scale(main, from_=0, to=254, orient=HORIZONTAL, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", length = 200)
    S1.grid(row=2, column=1)
    B2 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Supprimer Image", command = SupprimerImage, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B2.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=7)
    B3 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Annuler Modifications", command = AnnulerModifications, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B3.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=6)
    B4 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Pop Art", command = usepop, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B4.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=3)
    S2 = Scale(main, from_=-258, to=258, orient=HORIZONTAL, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39", length = 200)
    S2.grid(row=2, column=4)
    B4 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Appliquer Contraste", command = use_contrast, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B4.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=4)
    B5 = Tkinter.Button(main, text ="Trouver Contours", command = recherche_contours, fg="#a1dbcd", bg="#383a39")
    B5.grid(padx=20, pady=20, row=1, column=5)

    s=S1.get()
    s2=S2.get()




main.mainloop()

这是我想要显示的图片(这是法文的，如果你想知道的话)：

​

我知道我的变量名太短了，这是我的一个坏习惯，我正在努力摆脱它，所以请容忍我和我的代码，我明白它会让人们更难理解，所以帮助处理这类代码。

Answer 1

正如您提到的，主要问题在于def usepop()。在将图像加载到标签I2并向网格标签I2发出命令后，您将运行pop_art()函数。然后，这个函数启动了cpu密集型活动，将您的图像转换为流行艺术。在这“混乱”期间，没有执行对网格I2的指令，即当cpu忙于转换图像时，它处于空闲状态。要避免此问题，请在激活I2.update_idletasks()之前发出命令pop_art()，如下所示。对我的系统起作用了。

def usepop():
    #im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\traitement.png")
    print(dir_path)
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\Requirements\\traitement.png") #The image "traitement.png" doesn't get displayed)
    main.image = im2 
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)
    I2.update_idletasks() # Add this to ensure I2.grid is performed first and not remain idle.
    pop_art(a, None, coef=4)
    im2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=""+dir_path+"\\PopArt\\Result Image\\result.png")
    main.image = im2
    I2 = Tkinter.Label(main, image=im2)
    I2.grid(row=0, column=4, columnspan =4)