即使安装了较新版本的Python旧版本的Cython

Question

通过这样做，我在Raspberry Pi上安装了Cython 0.24.1：

下面粘贴的是命令和终端输出。

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install --upgrade cython==0.24.1
Downloading/unpacking cython==0.24.1
  Downloading Cython-0.24.1.tar.gz (1.7MB): 1.7MB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/setup.py) egg_info for package cython
    Unable to find pgen, not compiling formal grammar.

    warning: no files found matching '*.pyx' under directory 'Cython/Debugger/Tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.pxd' under directory 'Cython/Debugger/Tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.h' under directory 'Cython/Debugger/Tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.pxd' under directory 'Cython/Utility'
Installing collected packages: cython
  Running setup.py install for cython
    Unable to find pgen, not compiling formal grammar.
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Scanners.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Scanners.c
    building 'Cython.Plex.Scanners' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Scanners.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Scanners.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Scanners.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Plex/Scanners.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Actions.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Actions.c
    building 'Cython.Plex.Actions' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Actions.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Actions.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Plex/Actions.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Plex/Actions.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Lexicon.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Lexicon.c
    building 'Cython.Compiler.Lexicon' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Lexicon.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Lexicon.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Lexicon.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Compiler/Lexicon.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Scanning.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Scanning.c
    building 'Cython.Compiler.Scanning' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Scanning.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Scanning.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Scanning.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Compiler/Scanning.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.c
    building 'Cython.Compiler.Parsing' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Visitor.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Visitor.c
    building 'Cython.Compiler.Visitor' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Visitor.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Visitor.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Visitor.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Compiler/Visitor.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.c
    building 'Cython.Compiler.FlowControl' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Compiler/FlowControl.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Code.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Code.c
    building 'Cython.Compiler.Code' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Code.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Code.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Compiler/Code.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Compiler/Code.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Runtime/refnanny.pyx to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Runtime/refnanny.c
    building 'Cython.Runtime.refnanny' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Runtime/refnanny.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Runtime/refnanny.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Runtime/refnanny.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Runtime/refnanny.cpython-34m.so
    cythoning /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Tempita/_tempita.py to /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Tempita/_tempita.c
    building 'Cython.Tempita._tempita' extension
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c /tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Tempita/_tempita.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Tempita/_tempita.o
    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.4/tmp/pip-build-hprgsgiw/cython/Cython/Tempita/_tempita.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.4/Cython/Tempita/_tempita.cpython-34m.so

    warning: no files found matching '*.pyx' under directory 'Cython/Debugger/Tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.pxd' under directory 'Cython/Debugger/Tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.h' under directory 'Cython/Debugger/Tests'
    warning: no files found matching '*.pxd' under directory 'Cython/Utility'
    Installing cygdb script to /usr/local/bin
    Installing cython script to /usr/local/bin
    Installing cythonize script to /usr/local/bin
Successfully installed cython
Cleaning up...

看起来安装完成得很好。但是在此之后，如果我执行以下操作，它仍然返回旧版本。我遗漏了什么？

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ python3 -c "import cython;print(cython.__version__)"
0.21.1

Answer 1

从日志中，我可以读到Installing cython script to /usr/local/bin。我推断库已经安装在/usr/local/python3something中了。有两种备选方案：

1. 使用pip3 install --user --upgrade cython==0.24.1重新安装并确保~/.local/bin在您的 environment variable中。
2. 将/usr/local/bin添加到 environment variable中，将/usr/local/python3something/site-packages添加到LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量中。

实际上，必须更改python3something部件以反映系统上的确切路径。上面的选项"1“应该有效，即使我的推断是错误的。