.NET排队的任务(带有异步/等待)

Question

我有大量需要执行的任务(~1000)。我在一个4核处理器上运行，所以我想一次并行地处理4个任务。

为了给您一个起点，下面是一些示例代码。

class Program
{
    public class LongOperation
    {
        private static readonly Random RandomNumberGenerator = new Random(0);
        const int UpdateFrequencyMilliseconds = 100;

        public int CurrentProgress { get; set; }

        public int TargetProcess { get; set; }

        public LongOperation()
        {
            TargetProcess = RandomNumberGenerator.Next(
                (int)TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5).TotalMilliseconds / UpdateFrequencyMilliseconds, 
                (int)TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10).TotalMilliseconds / UpdateFrequencyMilliseconds);
        }

        public async Task Execute()
        {
            while (!IsCompleted)
            {
                await Task.Delay(UpdateFrequencyMilliseconds);
                CurrentProgress++;
            }
        }

        public bool IsCompleted => CurrentProgress >= TargetProcess;
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Task.Factory.StartNew(async () =>
        {
            var operations = new List<LongOperation>();

            for(var x = 1; x <= 10; x++)
                operations.Add(new LongOperation());

            await ProcessOperations(4, operations);
        }).Wait();
    }

    public static async Task ProcessOperations(int maxSimultaneous, List<LongOperation> operations)
    {
        await Task.WhenAll(operations.Select(x => x.Execute()));
        // TODO: Process up to 4 operations at a time, until every operation is completed.
    }
}

我想要一些输入，说明我将使用哪些类，以及如何构造ProcessOperations，一次最多处理4个操作，直到所有操作都在一个可等待的Task中完成为止。

我正在考虑以某种方式使用SemaphoreSlim对象，因为它似乎是为了控制资源/进程。

Answer 1

如前所述，您需要使用带有两个块的方便的TPL数据流库来在处理之前存储消息，并对它们进行实际操作：

// storage
var operations = new BufferBlock<LongOperation>();
// no more than 4 actions at the time
var actions = new ActionBlock<LongOperation>(x => x.Execute(),
    new ExecutionDataflowBlockOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 4 });

// consume new operations automatically
operations.LinkTo(actions);
for(var x = 1; x <= 10; ++x)
{
    // blocking sending
    operations.Post(new LongOperation());
    // awaitable send for async operations
    // await operations.SendAsync(new LongOperation());
}

此外，您还可以通过设置缓冲区的BoundedCapacity选项来增加一些限制，比如当时不超过30个操作。