用Python生成一个排序的足球联赛表

Question

我制作了一个程序来模拟球队之间的整个足球赛季。用户输入团队的名称和技能等级。然后使用泊松分布来比较他们的技术等级，并计算出两队之间的结果。每场比赛结束后，相关的名单都会被更新:获胜的球队获得3分(所以如果是第三支球队赢了，那么指数2的数值就会增加3)。我有一份关于得分、进球、失球、赢得比赛、抽签和输掉比赛的单独清单(附带说明--有没有更有效的方法来做到这一点？)我在赛季结束时遇到的问题是:每支球队的数据都是按照最初的输入顺序输出的。这是通过这样一个事实完成的：“名称”列表中的团队名称与他们在“点数”列表中的点数是相同的索引。所以问题是，如果我排序‘点’列表，那么他们将与他们的名字不同步。我希望这是有意义的，但下面是一个赛季的一个例子：

Enter number of teams in league: 4
Enter team 1 name: a
Enter team 2 name: b
Enter team 3 name: c
Enter team 4 name: d
Enter a skill: 1
Enter b skill: 3
Enter c skill: 5
Enter d skill: 8
===========================================
a's home games: 
===========================================

a 2 - 0 b 

a 0 - 2 c 

a 0 - 0 d 

===========================================
b's home games: 
===========================================

b 2 - 3 a 

b 1 - 0 c 

b 0 - 0 d 

===========================================
c's home games: 
===========================================

c 1 - 0 a 

c 1 - 0 b 

c 0 - 1 d 

===========================================
d's home games: 
===========================================

d 4 - 0 a 

d 2 - 0 b 

d 0 - 0 c 

Final table: 
a               Skill: 1     Points: 7     For: 5     Against: 9     Goal difference: -4    Wins: 2     Draws: 1     Losses: 3    
b               Skill: 3     Points: 4     For: 3     Against: 8     Goal difference: -5    Wins: 1     Draws: 1     Losses: 4    
c               Skill: 5     Points: 10    For: 4     Against: 2    Goal difference: 2     Wins: 3     Draws: 1     Losses: 2    
d               Skill: 8     Points: 12    For: 7     Against: 0    Goal difference: 7     Wins: 3     Draws: 3     Losses: 0    
[4, 7, 10, 12]

所以我现在要做的是能够按降分顺序打印最终的排名表，而不是按索引顺序打印。

很抱歉，如果这是糟糕的措辞-我的程序的代码可能更有用，如下所示：

import math
import random
#Lambda value in Poisson distribution for higher rated team
lambOne = 1.148698355
#Lambda value for lower rated team
lambTwo = 0.8705505633

#Poisson distribution calculating goals scored by the home team
def homeMatch(homeRating,awayRating):
    global lambOne
    global x
    global y
    if x == y:
        raise ValueError
    else:
        lamb = lambOne**(int(homeRating)-int(awayRating))
        homeScore = 0
        z = random.random()    
        while z > 0:
            z = z - ((lamb**homeScore * math.exp(lamb * -1))/(math.factorial(homeScore)))
            homeScore += 1
        return (homeScore-1)

#Poisson distribution calculating goals scored by away team
def awayMatch(homeRating,awayRating):
    global lambTwo
    global x
    global y
    #This check is to stop a team playing itself
    if x == y:
        raise ValueError
    else:
        lamb = lambTwo**(int(homeRating)-int(awayRating))
        awayScore = 0
        z = random.random()    
        while z > 0:
            z = z - ((lamb**awayScore * math.exp(lamb * -1))/(math.factorial(awayScore)))
            awayScore += 1
        return (awayScore-1)

#Selecting number of teams in league
leagueSize = int(input("Enter number of teams in league: "))

#Initialising empty lists
teamNames = []
teamSkill = []
teamPoints = []
teamFor = []
teamAgainst = []
teamWins = []
teamDraws = []
teamLosses = []

#Populating lists with number of zeroes equal to the number of teams (one zero for each)
for x in range(leagueSize):
    teamPoints += [0]
    teamFor += [0]
    teamAgainst += [0]
    teamWins += [0]
    teamDraws += [0]
    teamLosses += [0]

#Entering names and skill ratings for each team
for i in range(leagueSize):
    teamNames += [input("Enter team "+str(i+1)+" name: ")]
for j in range(leagueSize):
    teamSkill += [input("Enter "+teamNames[j]+" skill: ")]

#Initialising variables
homeScore = 0
awayScore = 0

#The season begins - each team plays all of its home games in one go
for x in range(leagueSize):
    #input("Press enter to continue ")
    print("===========================================")
    print(teamNames[x]+"'s home games: ")
    print("===========================================\n")
    for y in range(leagueSize):
        error = 0
        try:
            homeScore = homeMatch(teamSkill[x],teamSkill[y])
        #Skipping a game to stop a team playing itself
        except ValueError:
            pass
            error += 1
        try:
            awayScore = awayMatch(teamSkill[x],teamSkill[y])
        except ValueError:
            pass
        if error == 0:
            #Updating lists
            print(teamNames[x],homeScore,"-",awayScore,teamNames[y],"\n")
            teamFor[x] += homeScore
            teamFor[y] += awayScore
            teamAgainst[x] += awayScore
            teamAgainst[y] += homeScore
            if homeScore > awayScore:
                teamWins[x] += 1
                teamLosses[y] += 1
                teamPoints[x] += 3
            elif homeScore == awayScore:
                teamDraws[x] += 1
                teamDraws[y] += 1
                teamPoints[x] += 1
                teamPoints[y] += 1
            else:
                teamWins[y] += 1
                teamLosses[x] += 1
                teamPoints[y] += 3
        else:
            pass

#Printing table (unsorted)
print("Final table: ")
for x in range(leagueSize):
    #Lots of formatting
    print(teamNames[x]+(15-len(teamNames[x]))*" "+" Skill: "+str(teamSkill[x])+(5-len(str(teamSkill[x])))*" "+" Points: "+str(teamPoints[x])+(5-len(str(teamPoints[x])))*" "+" For: "+str(teamFor[x])+(5-len(str(teamFor[x])))*" "+" Against: "+str(teamAgainst[x])+(5-len(str(teamPoints[x])))*" "+" Goal difference: "+str(teamFor[x]-teamAgainst[x])+(5-len(str(teamFor[x]-teamAgainst[x])))*" "+" Wins: "+str(teamWins[x])+(5-len(str(teamWins[x])))*" "+" Draws: "+str(teamDraws[x])+(5-len(str(teamDraws[x])))*" "+" Losses: "+str(teamLosses[x])+(5-len(str(teamLosses[x])))*" ")
teamPoints.sort()
print(teamPoints)

很抱歉，这是非常长的，很可能是糟糕的措辞和低效，但我希望有人能够帮助我！(非常感谢:)

Answer 1

虽然您当前的方法(几乎不可行)，但它使您很难(例如)更改您想要存储的关于每个团队的信息。您可以考虑定义一个team类，它的每个实例都存储了有关特定团队的所有信息。

class Team:
    def __init__(self, name, skill):
        self.name = name
        self.skill = skill
        self.points = self.goals_for = self.goals_against = \
                     self.wins = self.draws = self.losses = 0

这样可以通过传递名称和技能级别来创建新的team对象，方法如下：

t1 = Team("Bradford City", 3)

t1现在有了带有给定值的属性name和skill，以及许多其他属性(points、goals_for等)，它们的值都为零。

然后你就可以很容易地初始化联盟了：

league_size = 4
teams = []
for _ in range(league_size):
    teams.append(Team(input("Name of team "+str(_)+": "),
                      int(input("Team "+str(_)+"'s skill level: ")))

然后，要打印每个团队的技能级别，您可以遍历列表：

for team in teams:
    print(team.name, team.skill)

我希望这能让你对如何简化你的方法有所了解。您的比赛函数现在也可以将球队作为参数，并根据计算的结果直接修改team对象。

为了得到你想要的答案，一旦你有了一个团队的列表，你就可以根据他们轻松掌握的点数来列出他们：

for team in sorted(teams, key=lambda t: t.points):
    print(team.name, team.skill, team.points, ...)

据我所见，您的global声明没有必要(如果名称没有在本地定义，Python将查找满足引用的全局名称)。此外，函数的输入通常应该作为参数传递，仅仅从环境中获取东西是很糟糕的做法！

我希望这足以让您重新设计您的程序，使其更易于操作。作为一个初学者，我想说，你做得非常好，以达到这一步。接下来的步骤将是令你兴奋的！

后来添加了：您的所有操作都可能因此更容易编程：

for home in teams:
    for away in teams:
        if home is away: # Teams don't play themselves
            continue
        play_match(home, away)

play_match函数将模拟比赛并调整每个队的统计数据。当然，你可以用另一行的读数来模拟客场比赛。

         play_match(away, home)

虽然我不确定你的算法在这方面是对称的。