如何用比正式文档更多的方式定制App图形？

Question

最近发布的一个UndocumentedMatlab中的文章提到应用程序设计器数字实际上是使用Dojo工具包的网页。这意味着理论上我们可以直接操作HTML，以实现其他不可用的某些UI自定义。

下面是appears图形定义的一个示例，如appears生成的.m文件中所示(在MATLAB R2016a上)：

classdef domDemo < matlab.apps.AppBase

    % Properties that correspond to app components
    properties (Access = public)
        UIFigure     matlab.ui.Figure          % UI Figure
        LabelListBox matlab.ui.control.Label   % List Box
        ListBox      matlab.ui.control.ListBox % Item 1, Item 2, Item 3, It...
    end

    methods (Access = private)

        % Code that executes after component creation
        function startupFcn(app)

        end
    end

    % App initialization and construction
    methods (Access = private)

        % Create UIFigure and components
        function createComponents(app)

            % Create UIFigure
            app.UIFigure = uifigure;
            app.UIFigure.Position = [100 100 260 147];
            app.UIFigure.Name = 'UI Figure';
            setAutoResize(app, app.UIFigure, true)

            % Create LabelListBox
            app.LabelListBox = uilabel(app.UIFigure);
            app.LabelListBox.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
            app.LabelListBox.Position = [50 93 44 15];
            app.LabelListBox.Text = 'List Box';

            % Create ListBox
            app.ListBox = uilistbox(app.UIFigure);
            app.ListBox.Position = [109 36 100 74];

        end
    end

    methods (Access = public)

        % Construct app
        function app = domDemo()

            % Create and configure components
            createComponents(app)

            % Register the app with App Designer
            registerApp(app, app.UIFigure)

            % Execute the startup function
            runStartupFcn(app, @startupFcn)

            if nargout == 0
                clear app
            end
        end

        % Code that executes before app deletion
        function delete(app)

            % Delete UIFigure when app is deleted
            delete(app.UIFigure)
        end
    end
end

...which看起来是这样的：

​

​

根据uilistbox的文档(该文档将我们重定向到复选框属性上的页面以获得完整的属性列表)，没有办法操作例如列表项的文本对齐。如果是这样，

问题：我们如何在示例应用程序中操作ListBox，使其内容与中心对齐，即使这样的设置对我们不可用？

Answer 1

为了在这项任务中取得成功，我们需要以下几点：

• 找到HTML/CSS的位置(这样我们就可以操纵它们)。
• 查找要编辑的DOM元素。
• 找出我们需要做的改变。
• 找到一种使用MATLAB操作元素的方法。

一步一步工作：

1.查找图形的HTML/CSS存储/定位位置

win = struct(struct(struct(app).UIFigure).Controller).Container.CEF;
URL = win.URL; % Needed only for testing in browser

2.找到我们需要编辑的DOM元素

data_tag = char(struct(app.ListBox).Controller.ProxyView.PeerNode.getId);

使用浏览器进行验证：

​

​

3.找出我们需要做的改变

因为我们想要操作文本对齐，我们谷歌一些相关的关键字，并找到属性。然后我们手动地尝试它，看看它是否真的有效：

​

​

4.找出一种利用MATLAB操纵元素的方法。

使用dojo.style和dojo.query

win.executeJS(['dojo.style(dojo.query("[data-tag^=''' data_tag ''']")[0],"textAlign","center")']);

​

​

此答案的完整代码：

classdef domDemo < matlab.apps.AppBase

    % Properties that correspond to app components
    properties (Access = public)
        UIFigure     matlab.ui.Figure          % UI Figure
        LabelListBox matlab.ui.control.Label   % List Box
        ListBox      matlab.ui.control.ListBox % Item 1, Item 2, Item 3, It...
    end

    methods (Access = private)

        % Code that executes after component creation
        function startupFcn(app)
          % Customizations (aka "MAGIC GOES HERE"):
          drawnow; rez = [];
          warning off MATLAB:HandleGraphics:ObsoletedProperty:JavaFrame
          warning off MATLAB:structOnObject            
          while ~strcmp(rez,'"center"')
            try                
              % 1. Get a handle to the webwindow:
              win = struct(struct(struct(app).UIFigure).Controller).Container.CEF;
              % 2. Find which element of the DOM we want to edit (as before):
              data_tag = char(struct(app.ListBox).Controller.ProxyView.PeerNode.getId);    
              % 3. Manipulate the DOM via a JS command
              rez = win.executeJS(['dojo.style(dojo.query("[data-tag^=''' ...
                data_tag ''']")[0],"textAlign","center")']);
            catch
              pause(1); % Give the figure (webpage) some more time to load
            end
          end
        end
    end

    % App initialization and construction
    methods (Access = private)

        % Create UIFigure and components
        function createComponents(app)

            % Create UIFigure
            app.UIFigure = uifigure;
            app.UIFigure.Position = [100 100 260 147];
            app.UIFigure.Name = 'UI Figure';
            setAutoResize(app, app.UIFigure, true)

            % Create LabelListBox
            app.LabelListBox = uilabel(app.UIFigure);
            app.LabelListBox.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
            app.LabelListBox.Position = [50 93 44 15];
            app.LabelListBox.Text = 'List Box';

            % Create ListBox
            app.ListBox = uilistbox(app.UIFigure);
            app.ListBox.Position = [109 36 100 74];

        end
    end

    methods (Access = public)

        % Construct app
        function app = domDemo()

            % Create and configure components
            createComponents(app)

            % Register the app with App Designer
            registerApp(app, app.UIFigure)

            % Execute the startup function
            runStartupFcn(app, @startupFcn)

            if nargout == 0
                clear app
            end
        end

        % Code that executes before app deletion
        function delete(app)

            % Delete UIFigure when app is deleted
            delete(app.UIFigure)
        end
    end
end