Python雨量计算器

Question

我正试图解决一个问题，但我已经研究了很长时间，尝试了很多东西，但是我对python非常陌生，不知道如何获得我想要的输入。

计算器需要采用嵌套循环的格式。首先，它应该要求计算降雨量的周数。外部循环每周迭代一次。内部循环将迭代七次，一周中每一天迭代一次。内环的每一个项目都应该要求用户输入当天的降雨量。然后计算总降雨量、每周平均降雨量和每天平均降雨量。

我遇到的主要问题是输入程序中有多少周和一周中需要迭代的天数，例如：

Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for Friday of week 1: 5
Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for Saturday of week 1: 6
Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for Sunday of week 1: 7
Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for Monday of week 2: 7
Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for Tuesday of week 2: 6

这是我想要的输出类型，但到目前为止，我还不知道如何让它做我想做的事情。我想我需要用字典，但我不知道该怎么做。到目前为止，这是我的代码：

ALL_DAYS = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
total_rainfall = 0
total_weeks = 0
rainfall = {}

# Get the number of weeks.
while True:
    try:
        total_weeks = int(input("Enter the number of weeks for which rainfall should be calculated: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("Number of weeks must be an integer.")
        continue

    if total_weeks < 1:
        print("Number of weeks must be at least 1")
        continue
    else:
        # age was successfully parsed and we're happy with its value.
        # we're ready to exit the loop!
        break

for total_rainfall in range(total_weeks):
    for mm in ALL_DAYS:
        mm = int(input("Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for ", ALL_DAYS, "of week ", range(total_weeks), ": "))
        if mm != int():
            print("Amount of rain must be an integer")
        elif mm < 0 :
            print("Amount of rain must be non-negative")

    # Calculate totals.
    total_rainfall =+ mm
    average_weekly = total_rainfall / total_weeks
    average_daily = total_rainfall / (total_weeks*7)
  # Display results.
    print ("Total rainfall: ", total_rainfall, " mm ")
    print("Average rainfall per week: ", average_weekly, " mm ")
    print("Average rainfall per week: ", average_daily, " mm ")

    if __name__=="__main__":
        __main__()

如果你能引导我朝着正确的方向前进，我会非常感激的！

Answer 1

建议:将问题分解成较小的部分。最好的方法是使用单独的功能。

例如，获得的周数

def get_weeks():
    total_weeks = 0
    while True:
        try:
            total_weeks = int(input("Enter the number of weeks for which rainfall should be calculated: "))
            if total_weeks < 1:
                print("Number of weeks must be at least 1")
            else:
                break
        except ValueError:
            print("Number of weeks must be an integer.")

    return total_weeks

然后，获取某一周和某一天的mm输入。(这里是您期望的输出所在)

def get_mm(week_num, day):
    mm = 0
    while True:
        try:
            mm = int(input("Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for {0} of week {1}: ".format(day, week_num)))
            if mm < 0:
                print("Amount of rain must be non-negative")
            else:
                break
        except ValueError:
            print("Amount of rain must be an integer")

    return mm

两个函数来计算平均值。第一个用于列表，第二个用于列表列表。

# Accepts one week of rainfall
def avg_weekly_rainfall(weekly_rainfall):
    if len(weekly_rainfall) == 0:
        return 0
    return sum(weekly_rainfall) / len(weekly_rainfall)

# Accepts several weeks of rainfall: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], ...]    
def avg_total_rainfall(weeks):
    avgs = [ avg_weekly_rainfall(w) for w in weeks ]
    return avg_weekly_rainfall( avgs )

利用这些，你可以把你几周的降雨记录在他们自己的列表中。

# Build several weeks of rainfall
def get_weekly_rainfall():
    total_weeks = get_weeks()
    total_rainfall = []

    for week_num in range(total_weeks):
        weekly_rainfall = [0]*7
        total_rainfall.append(weekly_rainfall)

        for i, day in enumerate(ALL_DAYS):
            weekly_rainfall[i] += get_mm(week_num+1, day)

    return total_rainfall

然后，您可以编写一个接受“主列表”的函数，并输出一些结果。

# Print the output of weeks of rainfall
def print_results(total_rainfall):
    total_weeks = len(total_rainfall)
    print("Weeks of rainfall", total_rainfall)

    for week_num in range(total_weeks):
        avg = avg_weekly_rainfall( total_rainfall[week_num] )
        print("Average rainfall for week {0}: {1}".format(week_num+1, avg))

    print("Total average rainfall:", avg_total_rainfall(total_rainfall))

最后，只需两行代码即可运行完整的脚本。

weekly_rainfall = get_weekly_rainfall()
print_results(weekly_rainfall)

Answer 2

我用一个列表来存储每周的平均涨势。我的循环是：

1.同时循环

2.在then循环中:初始化week_sum=0，然后使用for循环询问7天的降雨量。

3.退出循环，平均降雨量，并附加到每周平均名单。

4.把week_sum加到总雨量上，i+=1加到下周。

weekaverage=[]
i = 0 #use to count week

while i<total_weeks:
    week_sum = 0.
    print "---------------------------------------------------------------------"
    for x in ALL_DAYS:
        string = "Enter the amount of rain (in mm) for  %s of  week #%i : " %(x,i+1)
        mm = float(input(string)) 
        week_sum += mm
    weekaverage.append(weeksum/7.)
    total_rainfall+=week_sum
    print "---------------------------------------------------------------------"
    i+=1

print "Total rainfall: %.3f" %(total_rainfall)
print "Day average is %.3f mm" %(total_rainfall/total_weeks/7.)

a = 0

for x in weekaverage:
    print "Average for week %s is %.3f mm" %(a,x)
    a+=1