使用.NET Core和xUnit同时针对多个框架的单元测试代码

Question

我在.NET核心上有一些库，它们的目标是net45和netstandard1.6，我想对它们进行单元测试。我做了dotnet new -t xunittest，创建了一个针对netcoreapp1.0的新测试项目，以便它只测试.NET核心代码。

我还试图将它编译为同时针对net45，但后来在测试发现上出现了一系列错误。我的问题是

是否有一种方法可以用单个测试项目来测试针对这两个框架(可能更晚一些)的代码，还是应该为我所针对的每个框架创建一个测试项目？

编辑：这是我的project.json和我收到的消息：

{
  "version": "1.0.0-*",
  "buildOptions": {
    "debugType": "portable"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "xunit": "2.1.0"
  },
  "testRunner": "xunit",
  "frameworks": {
    "net45": {
      "frameworkAssemblies": {
        "System.Runtime": "4.0.0.0"
      }
    },
    "netcoreapp1.0": {
      "dependencies": {
        "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
          "type": "platform",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        },
        "System.Runtime.Serialization.Primitives": "4.1.1",
        "dotnet-test-xunit": "2.2.0-preview2-build1029"
      },
      "imports": [
        "dotnet5.4",
        "portable-net451+win8"
      ]
    }
  }
}

这些是我在编译项目后会遇到的错误：

dotnet-test Error: 0 : [ReportingChannel]: Waiting for message failed System.IO.IOException: Unable to read data om the transport connection: An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine. ---> stem.Net.Sockets.SocketException: An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine
   at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Receive(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags)
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   at System.IO.Stream.ReadByte()
   at System.IO.BinaryReader.ReadByte()
   at System.IO.BinaryReader.Read7BitEncodedInt()
   at System.IO.BinaryReader.ReadString()
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.ReportingChannel.ReadMessages()
>dotnet-test Error: 0 : Unhandled Exception: System.IO.IOException: Unable to read data from the transport nnection: An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine. ---> stem.Net.Sockets.SocketException: An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine
   at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Receive(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags)
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   at System.IO.Stream.ReadByte()
   at System.IO.BinaryReader.ReadByte()
   at System.IO.BinaryReader.Read7BitEncodedInt()
   at System.IO.BinaryReader.ReadString()
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.ReportingChannel.ReadMessages()
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object ate)
[ReportingChannel]: Error sending System.IO.IOException: Unable to write data to the transport connection: Cannot cess a disposed object.
Object name: 'System.Net.Sockets.Socket'.. ---> System.ObjectDisposedException: Cannot access a disposed object.
Object name: 'System.Net.Sockets.Socket'.
   at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Send(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags, cketError& errorCode)
   at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Send(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags)
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   at System.IO.BinaryWriter.Write7BitEncodedInt(Int32 value)
   at System.IO.BinaryWriter.Write(String value)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.ReportingChannel.Send(Message message)
dotnet-test Error: 0 : System.IO.IOException: Unable to write data to the transport connection: Cannot access a sposed object.
Object name: 'System.Net.Sockets.Socket'.. ---> System.ObjectDisposedException: Cannot access a disposed object.
Object name: 'System.Net.Sockets.Socket'.
   at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Send(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags, cketError& errorCode)
   at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Send(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size, SocketFlags socketFlags)
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size)
   at System.IO.BinaryWriter.Write7BitEncodedInt(Int32 value)
   at System.IO.BinaryWriter.Write(String value)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.ReportingChannel.Send(Message message)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.ReportingChannel.SendError(String error)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.ReportingChannel.SendError(Exception ex)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.DesignTimeRunner.HandleDesignTimeMessages(ProjectContext projectContext, tnetTestParams dotnetTestParams)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.DesignTimeRunner.DoRunTests(ProjectContext projectContext, DotnetTestParams tnetTestParams)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.BaseDotnetTestRunner.RunTests(ProjectContext projectContext, DotnetTestParams tnetTestParams, BuildWorkspace workspace)
   at Microsoft.DotNet.Tools.Test.TestCommand.DoRun(String[] args)

，并用这一行完成

========== Discover test finished: 0 found (0:00:03.0417342) ==========

虽然我知道我有一个测试(至少到目前为止)。

但是，如果我删除net 45引用所有的工作方式类似于魅力，下面是我的工作project.json

{
   "version": "1.0.0-*",
   "buildOptions": {
      "debugType": "portable"
   },
   "dependencies": {
      "System.Runtime.Serialization.Primitives": "4.1.1",
      "xunit": "2.1.0",
      "dotnet-test-xunit": "2.2.0-preview2-build1029"
   },
   "testRunner": "xunit",
   "frameworks": {
      "netcoreapp1.0": {
         "dependencies": {
            "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
               "type": "platform",
               "version": "1.0.0"
             }
         },
         "imports": [
         "dotnet5.4",
         "portable-net451+win8"
         ]
      }
   }
}

Answer 1

根据xUnit .NET核心文档的说法

您可以简单地通过将两个框架添加到您的net4xx文件中来实现netcoreapp和project.json的目标。当您使用多个框架条目运行dotnet test时，系统将一个接一个地运行所有框架测试。

这并不意味着您可以拥有针对不同平台(如.NET 4.5项目和.NET核心项目)的单个测试项目引用和测试项目。但这确实意味着您可以测试针对同一组平台的项目。

例如，我有一个类库，它同时针对.NET 4.5.1和.NET Core：

{
  "dependencies": {
    "NETStandard.Library": "1.6.0"
  },

  "frameworks": {
    "netstandard1.6": {},
    "net451":  {} 
  },
  "version": "1.0.0-*"
}

我可以在我的测试项目中针对net451和netcoreapp1.0，并引用这个类库：

{
  "buildOptions": {
    "debugType": "portable"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "xunit": "2.2.0-beta2-build3300",
    "dotnet-test-xunit": "2.2.0-preview2-build1029",
    "NetStandardClassLibrary": {
      "target": "project"
    }
  },
  "frameworks": {
    "net451": {},
    "netcoreapp1.0": {
      "dependencies": {
        "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
          "type": "platform",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "imports": [
        "dotnet5.4",
        "portable-net451+win8"
      ]
    }
  },
  "testRunner": "xunit",
  "version": "1.0.0-*"
}

当执行dotnet test时，测试将运行两次(每个平台目标一次)：

λ dotnet test
Project NetStandardClassLibrary (.NETStandard,Version=v1.6) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation.
Project XunitBothFrameworks (.NETCoreApp,Version=v1.0) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation.
xUnit.net .NET CLI test runner (64-bit .NET Core win81-x64)
  Discovering: XunitBothFrameworks
  Discovered:  XunitBothFrameworks
  Starting:    XunitBothFrameworks
  Finished:    XunitBothFrameworks
=== TEST EXECUTION SUMMARY ===
   XunitBothFrameworks  Total: 1, Errors: 0, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0, Time: 0.244s
Project NetStandardClassLibrary (.NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation.
Project XunitBothFrameworks (.NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation.
xUnit.net .NET CLI test runner (64-bit Desktop .NET win81-x64)
  Discovering: XunitBothFrameworks
  Discovered:  XunitBothFrameworks
  Starting:    XunitBothFrameworks
  Finished:    XunitBothFrameworks
=== TEST EXECUTION SUMMARY ===
   XunitBothFrameworks  Total: 1, Errors: 0, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0, Time: 0.201s
SUMMARY: Total: 2 targets, Passed: 2, Failed: 0.

当我试图在Visual中运行测试时，我收到了与您类似的错误消息。我认为这是一个bug，因为命令行上的dotnet test工作得很好。

Answer 2

对我来说，下面的project.json运行得很好，我不需要从cmd上运行测试。

{
  "version": "0.1.0-*",
  "dependencies": {
    "Moq": "4.5.22",
    "xunit": "2.2.0-beta2-build3300",
    "dotnet-test-xunit": "2.2.0-preview2-build1029",
    "IntegraPay.Domain": { "version": "1.0.0-*","target": "project" },
    "Integrapay.RegistrationApplication": { "version": "", "target": "project" }
  },
  "frameworks": {
    "netcoreapp1.0": {
      "imports": [
        "net451"
      ],
      "dependencies": {
        "Microsoft.NETCore.App": {
          "type": "platform",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "testRunner": "xunit"
}