证书注册过程是什么？

Question

我正在寻找一个登记证书的程序。

我找了很多东西，但没有找到好的答案。到目前为止，我首先必须生成密钥存储(用于创建公钥和私钥)，然后私钥应保持为私钥，并将公钥连同其他信息(如名称和组织)发送到CA。然后CA会生成一些内容，并将包含公钥和信息的内容还给我。

CA生成什么？什么是P12文件，.cer文件包含什么？

Answer 1

在公钥基础设施中颁发证书的一般程序大致如下：

1. 客户端生成私钥对和公共密钥对。
2. 客户端生成CSR (证书签名请求)，包括公共名称和公钥等属性。用私钥签名并发送给服务器
3. 服务器使用CSR数据构建X509证书，使用CA私钥对其进行签名，并将X509返回给客户端
4. 客户端将私钥和证书存储在KeyStore中。

CA生成什么？

x509证书

什么是P12文件

包含密钥存储的PKCS#12格式文件(.pfx或.p12)

.cer文件包含什么？

证书的公共部分(非私钥)为DER或PEM格式。

编辑- Android上的CSR生成

级依赖关系

compile 'com.madgag.spongycastle:core:1.51.0.0'
compile 'com.madgag.spongycastle:pkix:1.51.0.0'

生成KeyPair和CSR

//Generate KeyPair
KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyGen.initialize(KEY_SIZE, new SecureRandom());
KeyPair keyPair = keyGen.generateKeyPair();

//Generate CSR in PKCS#10 format encoded in DER
PKCS10CertificationRequest csr = CsrHelper.generateCSR(keyPair, commonname);
byte  CSRder[] = csr.getEncoded();

实用程序

public class CsrHelper {

  private final static String DEFAULT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "SHA256withRSA";
  private final static String CN_PATTERN = "CN=%s, O=Aralink, OU=OrgUnit";

  private static class JCESigner implements ContentSigner {

        private static Map<String, AlgorithmIdentifier> ALGOS = new HashMap<String, AlgorithmIdentifier>();

        static {
            ALGOS.put("SHA256withRSA".toLowerCase(), new AlgorithmIdentifier(
                    new ASN1ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.11")));
            ALGOS.put("SHA1withRSA".toLowerCase(), new AlgorithmIdentifier(
                    new ASN1ObjectIdentifier("1.2.840.113549.1.1.5")));

        }

        private String mAlgo;
        private Signature signature;
        private ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream;

        public JCESigner(PrivateKey privateKey, String sigAlgo) {
            //Utils.throwIfNull(privateKey, sigAlgo);
            mAlgo = sigAlgo.toLowerCase();
            try {
                this.outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                this.signature = Signature.getInstance(sigAlgo);
                this.signature.initSign(privateKey);
            } catch (GeneralSecurityException gse) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(gse.getMessage());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public AlgorithmIdentifier getAlgorithmIdentifier() {
            AlgorithmIdentifier id = ALGOS.get(mAlgo);
            if (id == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Does not support algo: " +
                        mAlgo);
            }
            return id;
        }

        @Override
        public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
            return outputStream;
        }

        @Override
        public byte[] getSignature() {
            try {
                signature.update(outputStream.toByteArray());
                return signature.sign();
            } catch (GeneralSecurityException gse) {
                gse.printStackTrace();
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

//Create the certificate signing request (CSR) from private and public keys
public static PKCS10CertificationRequest generateCSR(KeyPair keyPair, String cn) throws IOException,
            OperatorCreationException {
        String principal = String.format(CN_PATTERN, cn);

        ContentSigner signer = new JCESigner (keyPair.getPrivate(),DEFAULT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);

        PKCS10CertificationRequestBuilder csrBuilder = new JcaPKCS10CertificationRequestBuilder(
                new X500Name(principal), keyPair.getPublic());
        ExtensionsGenerator extensionsGenerator = new ExtensionsGenerator();
        extensionsGenerator.addExtension(Extension.basicConstraints, true, new BasicConstraints(
                true));
        csrBuilder.addAttribute(PKCSObjectIdentifiers.pkcs_9_at_extensionRequest,
                extensionsGenerator.generate());
        PKCS10CertificationRequest csr = csrBuilder.build(signer);

        return csr;
    }
}

Answer 2

要添加到pedrofb's answer中，还可以使用Spongy城堡的JcaContentSignerBuilder而不是JCESigner，这将极大地压缩代码。

实用程序：

private final static String CN_PATTERN = "CN=%s, O=Aralink, OU=OrgUnit";

//Create the certificate signing request (CSR) from private and public keys
public static PKCS10CertificationRequest generateCSR(KeyPair keyPair, String cn) throws IOException, OperatorCreationException {
        String principal = String.format(CN_PATTERN, cn);

        ContentSigner signer = new JcaContentSignerBuilder(DEFAULT_RSA_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM).build(keyPair.getPrivate());

        PKCS10CertificationRequestBuilder csrBuilder = new JcaPKCS10CertificationRequestBuilder(
                new X500Name(principal), keyPair.getPublic());
        ExtensionsGenerator extensionsGenerator = new ExtensionsGenerator();
        extensionsGenerator.addExtension(Extension.basicConstraints, true, new BasicConstraints(
                true));
        csrBuilder.addAttribute(PKCSObjectIdentifiers.pkcs_9_at_extensionRequest,
                extensionsGenerator.generate());
        PKCS10CertificationRequest csr = csrBuilder.build(signer);

        return csr;
    }
}