RequestMappingHandlerAdapter'：init方法调用失败；嵌套异常为java.lang.NoSuchMethodError

Question

突然间我得到了：

[localhost-startStop-1] WARN  org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext - Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManager.getStrategies()Ljava/util/List;
[localhost-startStop-1] ERROR org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManager.getStrategies()Ljava/util/List;
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1578)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:545)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)

我不知道我做了什么/改变了什么--当我启动服务器并请求我的网站时，它突然出现了。

你可以看到完全堆栈跟踪，这里有所有异常。

你猜是什么导致了这一切？

My pom.xml (缩写为基本依赖项)：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <!-- ... -->

    <properties>
        <org.springframework-version>4.2.4.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
        <org.springframework.security-version>4.0.3.RELEASE</org.springframework.security-version>
    </properties>

    <!-- ... -->

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Dependencies -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.security-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.security-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.security-version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.security-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-acl</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.security-version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Required by spring-security-acl -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.security-version}</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <profiles>
        <!-- ... -->
    </profiles>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- ... -->
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

Answer 1

如果您曾经在项目中处理过maven以进行依赖关系管理，那么您必须至少遇到过一个问题，或者可能不止一次。问题是版本错配。通常，当您得到一些依赖项时，就会发生这种情况，这些依赖关系会将相关的依赖项与特定的版本结合在一起。如果您已经包含了具有不同版本号的那些依赖项，那么它们在编译时和运行时也可能面临不期望的结果。

理想情况下，为了避免上述问题，您需要显式地排除相关的依赖关系，但是您很可能会忘记这样做。

要解决版本不匹配问题，可以使用“物料清单”(BOM)依赖的概念。BOM依赖项跟踪版本号，并确保所有依赖项(直接依赖项和传递依赖项)都位于同一个版本。

如何添加物料清单依赖

Maven为此提供了一个标记dependencyManagement。您需要在这个标记中添加bom信息，如下所示。我以Spring文件为例。

 <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

使用BOM的另一个好处是，当依赖于构件时，不再需要指定version属性。所以它会很好的工作。

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
<dependencies>

类似地，用于Spring安全的BOM是

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-bom</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>import</scope>
</dependency>

在你的例子中，它的版本错配问题，我之前也曾遇到过。