Web错误处理返回json

Question

我有一个Web，其中有许多函数以JSON的形式返回对象，例如：

[HttpGet]
public userDTO User(int id)
{
    return dal.GetUser(id);
}

public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {

            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "DefaultApi",
                routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );

            var appXmlType = config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.FirstOrDefault(t => t.MediaType == "application/xml");
            config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Remove(appXmlType);
        }
    }

如何实现错误处理？如果发生错误，我想返回一个JSON，只需说{“错误”：“出了问题”}

现在，如果有东西崩溃，API只返回500个错误。

Answer 1

您最好的选择是实现自定义ExceptionHandler。

public class MyCustomExceptionHandler : ExceptionHandler
{
    private readonly HttpConfiguration _configuration;

    public MyCustomExceptionHandler(HttpConfiguration config){
        _configuration = config;
    }

    public override void Handle(ExceptionHandlerContext context)
    {
        var formatters = _configuration.Formatters;
        var negotiator = _configuration.Services.GetContentNegotiator();

        context.Result = new NegotiatedContentResult<ErrorResponse>(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, new ErrorResponse
            {
                Message = context.Exception.Message,
                CustomProperty = "Something"
            }, negotiator, context.Request, formatters);
    }

    public override bool ShouldHandle(ExceptionHandlerContext context)
    {
        return true; //your logic if you want only certain exception to be handled
    }
}

internal class ErrorResponse
{
    public string Message { get; set; }

    public string CustomProperty { get; set; }
}

并在您的WebApiConfig.cs文件中注册它：

public static class WebApiConfig
{
    public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
    {
        config.Services.Replace(typeof (IExceptionHandler), new MyCustomExceptionHandler(config));
        config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            name: "DefaultApi",
            routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
            defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
        );

        var appXmlType = config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.FirstOrDefault(t => t.MediaType == "application/xml");
        config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Remove(appXmlType);
    }
}

这样，在出现未处理异常的情况下，可以对返回的错误消息进行分级定制。