OmniFaces在2.0之后不承认OpenWebBean为CDI

Question

我使用的是Tomcat 8 (8.0.30)、OpenWebBeans 1.6.2、JSFmojarra2.2.12和OmniFaces 1.8。我决定将OmniFaces升级到更高的版本。在2.0之后，它似乎需要CDI，但是当启动Tomcat (使用OmniFaces 2.2)时，我会看到下面的错误。根据OmniFaces的兼容性矩阵，Tomcat+Mojarra+OWB应该与8.0.30+2.2.12+1.6.2一起工作。

我也尝试过2.0，但也有同样的错误。在2.1中，我遇到了另一个问题，但我只是认为它是为2.2修正的，因为那里的行为与2.0中的行为相同。我在2.3-RC1中也遇到了同样的问题。

为了让OmniFaces认识到我正在运行CDI，是否需要做一些具体的工作呢？它很可能是OmniFaces中的一个bug吗？

我创建了一个非常小的示例应用程序来复制这个问题，所以我确信在我们的主要应用程序中没有其他干扰。

mar 22, 2016 10:57:46 FM org.apache.webbeans.lifecycle.AbstractLifeCycle bootstrapApplication
INFO: OpenWebBeans Container has started, it took [447] ms.
mar 22, 2016 10:57:46 FM org.omnifaces.ApplicationListener checkCDIAvailable
SEVERE: 
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?                         ??     ?                                             ?
?    ?                  ?????    ? OmniFaces failed to initialize!             ?
?   ????               ??????    ?                                             ?
?   ??????            ???????    ? This OmniFaces version requires CDI, but    ?
?   ???????          ???????     ? none was found on this environment.         ?
?    ???????????????????????     ?                                             ?
?    ???????????????????????     ? OmniFaces 2.x requires a minimum of JSF 2.2.?
?     ?????????????????????      ? Since this JSF version, the JSF managed bean?
?     ?????????????????????      ? facility @ManagedBean is semi-official      ?
?     ??????????????????????     ? deprecated in favour of CDI. JSF 2.2 users  ?
?     ??????????????????????     ? are strongly encouraged to move to CDI.     ?
?     ??????????????????????     ?                                             ?
?    ???????????????????????     ? OmniFaces goes a step further by making CDI ?
?    ????????????????????????    ? a REQUIRED dependency next to JSF 2.2. This ?
?    ????????????????????????    ? not only ensures that your web application  ?
?   ???????????????? ????????    ? represents the state of art, but this also  ?
?   ?????????????????????????    ? makes for us easier to develop OmniFaces,   ?
?   ??????????????????????????   ? without the need for all sorts of hacks in  ?
?   ??????????????????????????   ? in order to get OmniFaces to deploy on      ?
?  ????????????????????????????  ? environments without CDI.                   ?
?  ????????????????????????????  ?                                             ?
?  ????????????????????????????  ? You have 3 options:                         ?
?????????????????????????????????? 1. Downgrade to OmniFaces 1.x.              ?
?????????????????????????????????? 2. Install CDI in this environment.         ?
?????????????????????????????????? 3. Switch to a CDI capable environment.     ?
??????????????????????????????????                                             ?
?????????????????????????????????? For additional instructions, check          ?
?????????????????????????????????? http://omnifaces.org/cdi                    ?
??????????????????????????????????                                             ?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
mar 22, 2016 10:57:46 FM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.omnifaces.ApplicationListener
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at org.omnifaces.ApplicationListener.checkCDIAvailable(ApplicationListener.java:74)
    at org.omnifaces.ApplicationListener.contextInitialized(ApplicationListener.java:58)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4791)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5285)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: CDI BeanManager instance is not available in JNDI.
    at org.omnifaces.config.BeanManager.<init>(BeanManager.java:99)
    at org.omnifaces.config.BeanManager.<clinit>(BeanManager.java:49)
    ... 11 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: javax.naming.NamingException: Cannot create resource instance
    at org.omnifaces.util.JNDI.lookup(JNDI.java:95)
    at org.omnifaces.config.BeanManager.<init>(BeanManager.java:95)
    ... 12 more
Caused by: javax.naming.NamingException: Cannot create resource instance
    at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceEnvFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceEnvFactory.java:117)
    at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:843)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:154)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:831)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:154)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:831)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:168)
    at org.apache.naming.SelectorContext.lookup(SelectorContext.java:158)
    at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(Unknown Source)
    at org.omnifaces.util.JNDI.lookup(JNDI.java:90)
    ... 13 more

下面是我使用的pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>se.app.testapp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sampleapp</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.enterprise</groupId>
            <artifactId>cdi-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.openwebbeans</groupId>
            <artifactId>openwebbeans-impl</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.openwebbeans</groupId>
            <artifactId>openwebbeans-jsf</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.openwebbeans</groupId>
            <artifactId>openwebbeans-el22</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.openwebbeans</groupId>
            <artifactId>openwebbeans-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.faces</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.omnifaces</groupId>
            <artifactId>omnifaces</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0.GA</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <classifier>sources</classifier>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0.GA</version>
            <type>jar</type>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

Answer 1

你例外的原因是：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanManager实例在JNDI中不可用。

换句话说，在BeanManager的上下文初始化期间，CDI OmniFaces没有在JNDI中注册。通常，Tomcat有只读的JNDI，任何新的JNDI资源都必须通过webapp的/META-INF/context.xml提供。对于焊接，这是详细的如何在Tomcat中安装CDI？，对于OpenWebBeans，您需要下面的一个：

<Context>
    <Resource name="BeanManager"
        auth="Container"
        type="javax.enterprise.inject.spi.BeanManager"
        factory="org.apache.webbeans.container.ManagerObjectFactory" />
</Context>

此外，对于OWB，还需要在webapp的/WEB-INF/web.xml中显式注册其上下文侦听器，以确保在OmniFaces之前初始化它。

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.apache.webbeans.servlet.WebBeansConfigurationListener</listener-class>
</listener>

否则，当OmniFaces @Eager开始初始化应用程序作用域bean时，您可能会得到一个异常，如下所示：

java.lang.IllegalStateException:不允许调用getBeans(类型，注释.)在AfterBeanDiscovery之前

尽管您已经指定了OmniFaces 2.2，但我想为未来的读者添加一个注释，即为了与最小值手工安装在Tomcat上的OWB一起和平地工作，需要使用OmniFaces 2.1 (OmniFaces 2.0在TomEE上运行得很好)，请参见第133期，它解决了初始化顺序和@Inject在@WebListener中不可用的两个主要问题。

Update："如何在Tomcat中安装CDI？“文章刚刚用OpenWebBeans的说明进行了更新。