postgresql:安装和运行PostgreSQL9.5错误

Question

我安装了两个postgresql(s)，9.5应该使用端口5433，9.3.4应该使用端口5432：

me@camb:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin$ ls -al psql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 564464 Jan  7 14:54 psql
me@camb:/opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin$ ls -al psql 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 405960 Aug  5 18:52 psql
me@camb:/opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin$ cat /etc/group
postgres:x:200:
me@camb:/opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin$ groups postgres
postgres : postgres ssl-cert

我编写了一个安装PostgreSQL9.5并从9.3.4迁移到9.5的脚本

问题0: PostgreSQL9.5无法成功启动以及为什么状态为联机

安装期间输出：

 * Starting PostgreSQL 9.5 database server
 * The PostgreSQL server failed to start. Please check the log output:
2016-01-19 19:41:49 UTC [16523-1] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2016-01-19 19:41:48 UTC
2016-01-19 19:41:49 UTC [16523-2] LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
2016-01-19 19:41:49 UTC [16522-1] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
2016-01-19 19:41:49 UTC [16527-1] LOG:  autovacuum launcher started
2016-01-19 19:41:49 UTC [16529-1] [unknown]@[unknown] LOG:  incomplete startup packet
   ...fail!
invoke-rc.d: initscript postgresql, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing postgresql-9.5 (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of postgresql:
 postgresql depends on postgresql-9.5; however:
  Package postgresql-9.5 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing postgresql (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
Errors were encountered while processing:
 postgresql-9.5
 postgresql
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Error while installing Postgresql-9.5:1

然后我做了一些测试：

me@camb:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin$ sudo service postgresql start
 * Starting PostgreSQL 9.5 database server                                                                     [ OK ] 
me@camb:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin$ sudo service postgresql status
9.5/main (port 5433): online

上面的错误是什么？

顺便说一下，另一个错误是：

ERROR:  role "postgres" already exists

问题1:为什么我不能使用/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql登录数据库，但我可以通过/opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin/psql来实现这一点

me@camb:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin$ sudo -u postgres /opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin/psql -p 5433 reporting_central postgres
psql (9.3.4, server 9.5.0)
WARNING: psql major version 9.3, server major version 9.5.
         Some psql features might not work.
Type "help" for help.

reporting_central=# \q
me@camb:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin$ sudo -u postgres /opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin/psql -p 5432 reporting_central postgres
psql (9.3.4)
Type "help" for help.

reporting_central=# \q
me@camb:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin$ sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql -p 5433 reporting_central postgres
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql: symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql: undefined symbol: PQsslInUse
me@camb:/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin$ sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql -p 5432 reporting_central postgres
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql: symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql: undefined symbol: PQsslInUse

错误是“未定义的符号: PQsslInUse”。这是什么意思？为什么我不能使用/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql登录数据库，但我可以通过/opt/pkgs/PostgreSQL9.3.4/bin/psql来实现这一点？

谢谢

顺便说一句，我运行了以下代码来进行迁移：

sudo -u postgres /opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin/pg_dumpall -p 5432 | sudo -u postgres /opt/pkgs/postgresql-9.3.4/bin/psql -p 5433

谢谢

Answer 1

您必须使用与psql9.5中使用的库相同的libpq库。你应该做以下几点：

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
sudo /sbin/ldconfig /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/lib

您将处理postgresql的不同版本。要启动/使用9.5，必须使用适当的二进制文件: initdb、pg_ctl和psql (例如)：

mkdir /usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/data
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/initdb -D ../data/
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/pg_ctl -D ../data/ -l logfile start
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin/psql -p 5432 -d template1

更多信息：https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/static/install-post.html和PQsslInUse问题：http://postgresql.nabble.com/psql-error-on-postgresql-9-0-psql-symbol-lookup-error-psql-undefined-symbol-PQconnectdbParams-td5104930.html

Answer 2

错误是“未定义的符号: PQsslInUse”

我自己也遇到了这个问题。我发现原因是因为我从零开始编译Postgres 9.5到一个特定的目录，然后决定将它放到别处，并将安装移到一个新目录。当我用psql恢复数据库时，我得到了上面的错误。我通过删除安装目录、将前缀更改为正确的位置、重新编译和重新安装Postgres来纠正问题。psql在这之后工作得很好。

Answer 3

我也有同样的问题

psql: symbol lookup error: psql: undefined symbol: PQsetErrorContextVisibility

解决办法是：

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGXZ_HOME/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}