Powershell只捕获修改后的错误

Question

我有具有以下值的csv文件：

User,TimeStamp
Pinky,11/4/2015 5:00
Brain,
Leo,never
Don,unspecified

我希望确保TimeStamp列的文件具有日期或$null值。为此，我使用以下代码：

Function HealthCheckTimeStampColumn
{
    Param ($userInputCsvFileWithPath)

    Write-Host "Checking if TimeStamp column has invalid values..."
    Import-Csv $userInputCsvFileWithPath | %{
        if ($_.TimeStamp)
        {
            Try
            {
                ([datetime]$_.TimeStamp).Ticks | Out-Null
            }
            Catch [system.exception]
            {
                $Error.Clear()
                $invalidValue = $_.TimeStamp
                Write-Error "Invalid Value found `"$_.TimeStamp`"; Value expected Date or `"`""
                Exit
            }
        }
    }
    Write-Host "All values were found valid."
    Write-Host "TimeStamp Healthcheck Column Passed"
    Write-Host ""
}

通过这段代码，我得到了以下错误：

Invalid Value found "Cannot convert value "never" to type "System.DateTime". Error: "The string was not recognized as
a valid DateTime. There is an unknown word starting at index 0.".TimeStamp"; Value expected Date or ""
At C:\Scripts\Tests\TestTime.ps1:247 char:42
+     Import-Csv $userInputCsvFileWithPath | %{
+                                             ~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException

如果我尝试这一行代码，而不是：

Write-Error "Invalid Value found `"$invalidValue`"; Value expected Date or `"`""

我知道这个错误：

Invalid Value found ""; Value expected Date or ""
At C:\Scripts\Tests\TestTime.ps1:247 char:42
+     Import-Csv $userInputCsvFileWithPath | %{
+                                             ~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException

我希望看到的错误是：

Invalid Value found "never"; Value expected Date or ""
At C:\Scripts\Tests\TestTime.ps1:247 char:42
+     Import-Csv $userInputCsvFileWithPath | %{
+                                             ~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException

有人能告诉我我做错了什么吗？

Answer 1

您也不需要try/catch块来实现这一功能。他们是好的，意外和不可避免的错误。然而，从运算符的角度来看，您将看到-as和-is非常优雅地处理了这种情况。

-is：当输入是指定.NET框架类型的实例时返回TRUE。 -as：将输入转换为指定的.NET框架类型。

当-as遇到一个字符串或一些不可日期转换的东西时，它将返回一个null。更重要的是，它不会出错。我建议您检查非空日期和无效日期时间的所有值。捕获变量中的所有这些。然后检查变量是否有任何值。立刻打印出来！如果你愿意就退出。我也支持用户2460798的答案关于出口的使用的说法。

Function HealthCheckTimeStampColumn{
    Param ($userInputCsvFileWithPath)
    $badRows = Import-Csv $userInputCsvFileWithPath | 
        Where-Object{-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.TimeStamp) -and ($_.TimeStamp -as [datetime]) -eq $null}
    if($badRows){
        $badRows | ForEach-Object{
            Write-Host "'$($_.Timestamp)' is not a valid datetime" -ForegroundColor Red
        }
        Write-Error "$($badRows.Count) Invalid Value(s) found"
    } else {
        "All values were found valid.","TimeStamp Healthcheck Column Passed","" | Write-Host
    }
}

Answer 2

将PerSerAl的观察转化为一个答案：

$_的含义从它在foreach对象循环中的时候(但外部catch块)更改到它在集水区块中的时候。在第一种情况下，它是当前对象(行)，它的时间戳显然具有“从不”的值。但是在catch块中，是由于错误而生成的错误记录。因此，要修复：

Function HealthCheckTimeStampColumn
{
    Param ($userInputCsvFileWithPath)

    Write-Host "Checking if TimeStamp column has invalid values..."
    Import-Csv $userInputCsvFileWithPath | %{
        $row = $_
        if ($_.TimeStamp)
        {
            Try
            {
                ([datetime]$_.TimeStamp).Ticks | Out-Null
            }
            Catch [system.exception]
            {
                $Error.Clear()
                $invalidValue = $_.TimeStamp
                Write-Error "Invalid Value found `"$row.TimeStamp`"; Value expected Date or `"`""
                Exit
            }
        }
    }
    Write-Host "All values were found valid."
    Write-Host "TimeStamp Healthcheck Column Passed"
    Write-Host ""
}

顺便说一句，如果您想处理整个文件，就需要从catch块中删除exit。