试图用django-pyodbc-azure连接到MSSQL会导致文件找不到错误。

Question

我认为我的问题或多或少是Trying to query SQL Server from django running on Linux - Can't open lib '/path/to/libtdsodbc.so'的重复，但答案完全没有用。

我用的是以下几点：

1. Ubuntu 15.04
2. Python3
3. Django 1.9 (通过pip3安装)
4. 通过apt-get安装freetds-dev 0.91-6build1
5. django-pyodbc-azure/django-pyodbc通过pip3安装
6. MSSQL 2012

当尝试连接时，执行python3 manage.py inspectdb时，我会得到以下堆栈跟踪：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 171, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/sql_server/pyodbc/base.py", line 302, in get_new_connection
    timeout=timeout)
pyodbc.Error: ('01000', "[01000] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'FreeTDS' : file not found (0) (SQLDriverConnect)")

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 350, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 342, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 348, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 399, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/inspectdb.py", line 25, in handle
    for line in self.handle_inspection(options):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/inspectdb.py", line 38, in handle_inspection
    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 231, in cursor
    cursor = self.make_debug_cursor(self._cursor())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 204, in _cursor
    self.ensure_connection()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 95, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 171, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/sql_server/pyodbc/base.py", line 302, in get_new_connection
    timeout=timeout)
django.db.utils.Error: ('01000', "[01000] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'FreeTDS' : file not found (0) (SQLDriverConnect)")

我编辑了base.py以打印它正在使用的连接字符串，即：

DRIVER=FreeTDS;DATABASE=test;PWD=test;UID=sa;PORT=1433;SERVER=10.13.36.223

数据库的settings.py如下所示：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc',
        'NAME': 'test',
    'USER': 'sa',
    'PASSWORD': 'test',
    'HOST': '10.13.36.223',
    'PORT': '1433',
    'AUTOCOMMIT': True,
    'OPTIONS' : {
        'host_is_server': True
        }
    }
}

我的假设是连接str的DRIVER部分应该是到odbc驱动程序的可执行文件的完全限定路径，现在它被设置为"FreeTDS"，它不作为文件存在。我的问题是：

1. 如果我的假设是正确的，那么如何更改驱动程序的值？
2. 如果我的假设是不正确的，什么实际上是错误的，我如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

我需要做以下几点：

1. sudo apt-get install tdsodbc
2. 编辑/etc/odbcinst.ini以包括以下内容：

。

  [FreeTDS]
  Description = TDS Driver for MSSQL
  driver = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsodbc.so
  setup =  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsS.so

而且起作用了。

Answer 2

上面的FreeTDS配置非常有用。

在settings.py数据库会话中，我还添加了驱动程序版本和unicode结果设置。这是我的配置：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc',
        'NAME': 'myDataBaseNameInMSSQLServer',
        'USER': 'mssql-user-with-SQL-authentication',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': 'server-host-name-or-IP\\SQLEXPRESS',
        'PORT': '1433',
        'OPTIONS' : {
            'AUTOCOMMIT': True,
            'host_is_server': True,
            'unicode_results': True,
            'driver': 'FreeTDS',
            'extra_params' : 'TDS_VERSION=8.0',
            }
    }
}

对于search，还需要在Google上搜索如何使该实例可用于远程连接。