我正在尝试使用atomics,特别是__sync_fetch_and_add来实现一个旋转线程屏障。https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.4.5/gcc/Atomic-Builtins.html
我基本上想要一个替代线程屏障的方法。我在一个可以并行运行大约100个线程的系统上使用Ubuntu。
int bar = 0; //global variable
int P = MAX_THREADS; //number of threads
__sync_fetch_and_add(&bar,1); //each thread comes and adds atomically
while(bar<P){} //threads spin until bar increments to P
bar=0; //a thread sets bar=0 to be used in the next spinning barrier这显然不起作用(线程可能设置bar=0,而另一个线程被困在无限时间循环中等等)。我在这里看到了一个实现:使用c++11 atomics编写一个(旋转的)线程屏障,但是它看起来太复杂了,我认为它的性能可能比线程屏障差。
该实现还将在内存层次结构中产生更多的通信量,这是因为bar的缓存线在线程之间进行ping连接。
对于如何利用这些原子指令制造一个简单的屏障,有什么想法吗?另外,通信最优方案也会有所帮助。
发布于 2015-11-09 12:47:53
与其在线程的计数器上旋转,倒不如利用通过的障碍物的数量来旋转,这将只增加最后一个线程面对障碍物的数量。这样还可以减少内存缓存压力,因为旋转变量现在只通过单线程更新。
int P = MAX_THREADS;
int bar = 0; // Counter of threads, faced barrier.
volatile int passed = 0; // Number of barriers, passed by all threads.
void barrier_wait()
{
int passed_old = passed; // Should be evaluated before incrementing *bar*!
if(__sync_fetch_and_add(&bar,1) == (P - 1))
{
// The last thread, faced barrier.
bar = 0;
// *bar* should be reseted strictly before updating of barriers counter.
__sync_synchronize();
passed++; // Mark barrier as passed.
}
else
{
// Not the last thread. Wait others.
while(passed == passed_old) {};
// Need to synchronize cache with other threads, passed barrier.
__sync_synchronize();
}
}注意,您需要使用volatile修饰符来旋转变量。
C++代码可能比C代码要快一些,因为它可以使用获取/释放内存屏障而不是完整的内存屏障,这是__sync函数唯一可用的屏障:
int P = MAX_THREADS;
std::atomic<int> bar = 0; // Counter of threads, faced barrier.
std::atomic<int> passed = 0; // Number of barriers, passed by all threads.
void barrier_wait()
{
int passed_old = passed.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
if(bar.fetch_add(1) == (P - 1))
{
// The last thread, faced barrier.
bar = 0;
// Synchronize and store in one operation.
passed.store(passed_old + 1, std::memory_order_release);
}
else
{
// Not the last thread. Wait others.
while(passed.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == passed_old) {};
// Need to synchronize cache with other threads, passed barrier.
std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
}
}https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33598686
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