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社区首页 >问答首页 >内存泄漏C++管理中的问题

问内存泄漏C++管理中的问题
EN

Stack Overflow用户
提问于 2015-11-01 10:49:05
回答 3查看 125关注 0票数 1

我没有得到任何错误或类似的东西，但问题是，无论我做什么，我无法消除这些内存泄漏。我找到的唯一帮助我的解决方案是在每个方法之后添加delete[] vector1，但是不允许我修改代码的那个部分。在代码中，您可以看到注释和我可以添加新指令的区域。我的问题有什么解决办法吗？

这是代码：

代码语言：javascript
复制
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

/*YOU CAN'T ADD NEW METHODS*/
/*YOU CAN ONLY MODIFY THE BODY OF THE METHODS*/

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    int *vector1;
    vector1 = new int[*noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion2(int ** vector, int* noElements) {
    *vector = new int[*noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> (*vector)[i];
    }
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion3(int *& vector, int& noElements) {
    vector = new int[noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
}

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion4(int& noElements) {
    int *vector1;
    vector1 = new int[noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];
    }
    return vector1;
}

//read static array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readStaticVector(int vector[], int * noElements) {
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
}

//print the elements of the array
void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";

}


//read a name from the console
char* citesteNume() {
    char temp[200];
    char * nume;
    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> temp;
    nume = new char[strlen(temp) + 1];
    strcpy(nume, temp);

    return nume;
}

//read a name from the console
void citesteNume(char* nume) {


    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> nume;


}
//METHODS THAT ADDS AN ELEMENT (THAT IS GIVEN) TO AN EXISTING ARRAY
//FIRST
void adaugaElementNou(int** vector, int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    (*vector) = new int[*noElemente + 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        (*vector)[i] = i;

    (*vector)[*noElemente] = elementNou;

}
//SECOND
int * adaugaElementNou(int& noElemente, int elementNou) {
    int *vector;
    vector = new int[noElemente + 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;

}
//THIRD
int * adaugaElementNou(int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    int *vector;
    vector = new int[(*noElemente) + 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;

}



//THE PROGRAM MUST RUN AND NOT GENERATE ANY ERRORS OR MEMORY-LEAKS
void main() {
    //YOU CAN'T ADD NEW VARIABLES

    int * vector1;
    int vector2[50];
    int nrElementeVector1=3;
    int nrElementeVector2=3;

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS
    // ...
    vector1 = new int[nrElementeVector1 + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < nrElementeVector1; i++)
        vector1[i] = i;
    for (int i = 0; i < nrElementeVector2; i++)
        vector2[i] = i;
    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE

    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);
    //delete[]vector1; /*This instruction is added by me but i`m not allowed to modify this area of the code*/
    vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    readVectorVersion3(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    vector1 = readVectorVersion4(nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    readStaticVector(vector2, &nrElementeVector2);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);

    char* string1;
    char string2[50];

    string1 = citesteNume();
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string1;
    //delete[]string1; /*THIS IS NOT ALLOWED HERE*/
    citesteNume(string2);
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string2;

    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(nrElementeVector1, 99);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    adaugaElementNou(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1, 55);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(&nrElementeVector1, 77);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    //delete[]vector1;

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS HERE
    // ...

    delete[] vector1; //I`ve tried to use delete here because I didn`t knew what else i should do, but I know that it makes no sense(and it`s not working);
    delete[] string1;

    //THE FOLLOWING CODE CHECKS IF THERE ARE ANY MEMORYLEAKS
    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
    _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDOUT);
    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ERROR, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
    _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_ERROR, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDOUT);
    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
    _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDOUT);
    _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks();

    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE
    vector1 = NULL;
    string1 = NULL;
    cout << endl << "In this moment there are no memory-leaks!";
}
c++
memory-leaks
EN

回答 3

Stack Overflow用户

回答已采纳

发布于 2015-11-01 12:48:04

对于string1来说，它很简单，您可以只需：

代码语言：javascript
复制
delete[] string1;

这就是我认为你应该和vector1打交道的地方：

代码语言：javascript
复制
void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";

    // A very dirty hack, PLEASE **NEVER** USE IT.
    static int callIndex = 0;
    if(callIndex != 1 && callIndex != 6)
        delete[] vector;
    ++callIndex;
}

瓦砾摘要：

代码语言：javascript
复制
==20937== HEAP SUMMARY:
==20937==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==20937==   total heap usage: 9 allocs, 9 frees, 144 bytes allocated
==20937== 
==20937== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==20937== 
==20937== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==20937== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

编辑:我改变主意了。上面的例子是你能做什么，这就是你应该做的：

注1:这次黑客攻击让我觉得更脏。

注2:为了编译它，我不得不删除所有特定于微软的内容，并使用val差生进行泄漏检查。

代码语言：javascript
复制
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

/*YOU CAN'T ADD NEW METHODS*/
/*YOU CAN ONLY MODIFY THE BODY OF THE METHODS*/

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static int vector1[50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion2(int ** vector1, int* noElements) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
    *vector1 = vector;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion3(int *& vector1, int& noElements) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
    vector1 = vector;
}

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion4(int& noElements) {
    static int vector1 [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];
    }
    return vector1;
}

//read static array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readStaticVector(int vector[], int * noElements) {
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
}

//print the elements of the array
void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";
}


//read a name from the console
char* citesteNume() {
    char temp[200];
    char * nume;
    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> temp;
    nume = new char[strlen(temp) + 1];
    strcpy(nume, temp);

    return nume;
}

//read a name from the console
void citesteNume(char* nume) {


    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> nume;


}
//METHODS THAT ADDS AN ELEMENT (THAT IS GIVEN) TO AN EXISTING ARRAY
//FIRST
void adaugaElementNou(int** vector, int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector1 [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector1[i] = i;

    vector1[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    *vector = vector1;
}
//SECOND
int * adaugaElementNou(int& noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;
}
//THIRD
int * adaugaElementNou(int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;
}



//THE PROGRAM MUST RUN AND NOT GENERATE ANY ERRORS OR MEMORY-LEAKS
int main() {
    //YOU CAN'T ADD NEW VARIABLES

    int * vector1;
    int vector2[50];
    int nrElementeVector1=3;
    int nrElementeVector2=3;

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS
    for (int i = 0; i < nrElementeVector2; i++)
        vector2[i] = i;
    vector1 = vector2;
    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE

    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);
    vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readVectorVersion3(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    vector1 = readVectorVersion4(nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readStaticVector(vector2, &nrElementeVector2);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);

    char* string1;
    char string2[50];

    string1 = citesteNume();
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string1;
    citesteNume(string2);
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string2;

    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(nrElementeVector1, 99);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    adaugaElementNou(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1, 55);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(&nrElementeVector1, 77);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS HERE
    // ...

    delete[] string1;

    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE
    vector1 = NULL;
    string1 = NULL;
}

瓦兰产出：

代码语言：javascript
复制
==21224== HEAP SUMMARY:
==21224==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==21224==   total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 2 bytes allocated
==21224== 
==21224== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==21224== 
==21224== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==21224== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

编辑:我想出了第三个(甚至更脏)的解决方案，但我已经厌倦了所有这些黑客攻击，无法编写完整的版本。下面是一个示例：

代码语言：javascript
复制
int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static int *vector1 = NULL;
    delete[] vector1;
    if (noElements < 0)
        return NULL;
    vector1 = new int[*noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}

// ...

int main() {
    // ...
    // Just before _CrtSetReportMode
    nrElementeVector1 = -1;
    readVectorVersion1(*nrElementeVector1);
    // ..
}
票数 0
EN

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2015-11-01 10:58:54

我认为这个任务是不可能完成的。线

代码语言：javascript
复制
vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);

当vector1持有动态分配的资源时执行。在这一点上造成无法恢复的泄漏。以下情况也是如此

代码语言：javascript
复制
readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);
票数 0
EN

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2015-11-01 11:17:33

vector1指针在代码中被覆盖，您可能不会修改它，因此很明显，它可能不是动态分配内存的唯一指针，否则它会泄漏，在分配的限制范围内，您无法阻止它。

因此，让我们探索使用静态对象来保存指针的可能性。为了简单起见，我将使用std::vector，但如果愿意，可以使用动态内存的静态指针。在这种情况下，需要手动管理内存。

代码语言：javascript
复制
int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static std::vector<int> vector1;
    vector1.resize(*noElements);

    // initialize the way you want to

    return vector1.data();
    // return &vector1[0]; // use this if you use older version of c++ than c++11
}

然后就到了。当静态对象被销毁时，内存将被释放。当然，这限制了您可以使用该函数进行的操作。您不能再分配两个单独的数组，因为后续调用将使用相同的向量。但是这个作业不需要，所以我想这就是你的老师所要求的。

票数 0
EN
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33461372

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