stat.h文件访问文件描述符-- open() --黑客利用的艺术

Question

我正在编写乔恩·埃里克森( Jon )的第二版“黑客:开发的艺术”，使用一个虚拟机(virutalbox)运行它附带的LiveCD (Ubuntu7.04)。在0x281节“文件访问”中，作者使用第82-84页上的一个示例，解释了通过文件描述符以及open() close() read()和write()函数访问文件。

simplenote.c的代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

void usage(char *prog_name,char *filename){
        printf("Usage: %s < data to add to %s>\n",prog_name,filename);
        exit(0);
}

void fatal(char *);
void *ec_malloc(unsigned int );

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
        int fd; //file descriptor
        char *buffer,*datafile;

        buffer = (char *)ec_malloc(100);
        datafile = (char *)ec_malloc(20);
        strcpy(datafile,"/tmp/notes");

        if(argc < 2)
                usage(argv[0],datafile);

        strcpy(buffer,argv[1]);

        printf("[DEBUG] buffer   @ %p:\'%s'\n",buffer,buffer);
        printf("[DEBUG] datafile @ %p:\'%s'\n",datafile,datafile);

        strncat(buffer,"\n",1);//Add a newline on the end.

        fd = open(datafile,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND,S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
        if(fd == -1)
                fatal("in main() while opening file");
        printf("[DEBUG] file descriptor is %d\n",fd);
        //Writing data
        if(write(fd,buffer,strlen(buffer)) == -1)
                fatal("in main() while writing buffer to file");
        //Closing file
        if(close(fd) == -1)
                fatal("in main() while closing file");

        printf("Note has been saved.\n");
        free(buffer);
        free(datafile);
}

//A function to display an error message and then exit
void fatal(char *message){
        char error_message[100];

        strcpy(error_message,"[!!]Fatal Error");
        strncat(error_message,message,83);
        perror(error_message);
        exit(-1);
}

//An error-checked malloc() wrapper function 
void *ec_malloc(unsigned int size){
        void *ptr;
        ptr = malloc(size);
        if(ptr == NULL)
                fatal("in ec_malloc() on memory allocation");
        return ptr;
}

但是，当我在我的终端窗口中键入书中所述的下列指令时，它将返回以下错误消息：

reader@hacking:~/booksrc $ gcc -o simplenote simplenote.c
In file included from /usr/include/sys/stat.h:105, from simplenote.c:6:
/usr/include/bits/stat.h:70: error: field 'st_atim' has incomplete type
/usr/include/bits/stat.h:71: error: field 'st_mtim' has incomplete type
/usr/include/bits/stat.h:72: error: field 'st_ctim' has incomplete type
simplenote.c: In function 'main':
simplenote.c:35: error: 'O-WRONLY' undeclared (first use in this function)
simplenote.c:35: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
simplenote.c:35: error: for each function it appears in.)
simplenote.c:35: error: 'O_CREAT' undeclared (first use in this function)
simplenote.c:35: error: 'O_APPEND' undeclared (first use in this function)

以下是sys/stat.h第105行：

#include <bits/stat.h>

下面是比特/stat.h第63-83行：

#ifdef __USE_MISC
    /* Nanosecond resolution timestamps are stored in a format 
       equivalent to 'struct timespec'. This is the type used 
       whenever possible but the Unix namespace rules do not allow the 
       identifier 'timespec' to appear in the <sys/stat.h> header. 
       Therefore we have to handle the use of this header in strictly 
       standard-compliant sources special. */
    struct timespec st_atim;    /* Time of last access. */
    struct timespec st_mtim;    /* Time of last modification. */
    struct timespec st_ctim;    /* Time of last status change. */

# define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec    /* Backward compatibility */
# define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
# define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
#else
    __time_t st_atime;                 /* Time of last access. */
    unsigned long int st_atimensec;    /* Nscecs of last access. */
    __time_t st_mtime;                 /* Time of last modification. */
    unsigned long int st_mtimensec;    /* Nsecs of last modification. */
    __time_t st_ctime;                 /* Time of last status change. */
    unsigned long int st_ctimensec;    /* Nsecs of last status change. */
#endif

我认为这可能对第一组问题有些用处：

atim‘有不完全类型“

/usr/include/time.h

cat time.h

在我的终端机窗口里什么也做不了。

以下是simplenote.c主要功能项目1-6，34-35：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

// Opening the file
    fd = open(datafile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);

我猜开放函数问题源于fcntl.h？

由于作者提供的错误代码，我似乎一直遇到问题。我不想经常依赖堆栈溢出社区的帮助，那么对于新手将来检查和解决这些问题，您有什么建议呢？

谢谢。

Answer 1

如果其他人对这本书有同样的问题，我从hacking-live-1.0.iso下载了iso文件。创建了一个可引导的usb，并且所有工作正常，没有损坏的头或任何东西。