我如何将两种方法组合在一起，它们所做的事情相同，但类型不同？

Question

我对java编程相当陌生，虽然我知道一些基本知识，但我觉得我的代码很长而且没有必要。我想知道是否有一种方法可以将我的elkStarter()和foxStarter()方法组合成一个starter()方法，这样我就可以减少代码。

//Opening question, askes user to pick either an elk or fox
    public void systemStart(){
        for(int i =0;i<=100;i++){
           System.out.println("- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n");
    }
    System.out.println("***STARTING NEW MOVEMENT MODEL***\n"+"-----------------------------------\n");
    iteration = 0;
    String animalType = JOptionPane.showInputDialog
                     ("Would you like an elk or a fox?");

    switch (animalType.toLowerCase()){
        case "elk": elkStarter("elk_1");
        break;
        case "fox": Foxtarter("fox_1"); 
        break;
        default: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, "You didn't enter elk or fox..Please try again.");
        runAnotherModel();
        break;
    }
}

//systemStater goes to when "elk" is selected as the animal type.
public void elkStarter(){
    Elk elk_1 = new Elk();
    elk_1.namer("elk_1");
    System.out.println("You have just created an Elk called " + elk_1.name + ".\n" +
    "It has begun its life at (0,-0).");        
    elk_1.findPosition();

    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, "Lets let our new elk roam a bit, shall we?");


    int loop = 0;                 
    while(loop==0){
        String animalDirection = JOptionPane.showInputDialog
                     ("Which way should our elk move? (forward(f), backward(b), up(u), down(d)) or type stop(s) to quit.");
        switch(animalDirection.toLowerCase()){
            case "forward": case "f":
            elk_1.walkForward();
            elk_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "backward": case "b":
            elk_1.walkBackward();
            elk_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "up": case "u":
            elk_1.walkUp();   
            elk_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "down": case "d":
            elk_1.walkDown();
            elk_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "stop": case "s":
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, "GoodBye! Thanks for trying my model!");
            loop=1;
            break;
            default: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, "ummmm sorry that wasn't a direction...Please try again.");
            break;
        }
    }
}

//systemStater goes to when "fox" is selected as the animal type.
public void foxStarter(){
    Fox fox_1 = new Fox();
    fox_1.namer("fox_1");
    System.out.println("You have just created an Fox called " + fox_1.name + ".\n" +
    "It has begun its life at (0,-0).");        
    fox_1.findPosition();

    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, "Lets let our new fox roam a bit, shall we?");


    int loop = 0;                 
    while(loop==0){
        String animalDirection = JOptionPane.showInputDialog
                     ("Which way should our fox move? (forward(f), backward(b), up(u), down(d)) or type stop(s) to quit.");
        switch(animalDirection.toLowerCase()){
            case "forward": case "f":
            fox_1.walkForward();
            fox_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "backward": case "b":
            fox_1.walkBackward();
            fox_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "up": case "u":
            fox_1.walkUp();   
            fox_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "down": case "d":
            fox_1.walkDown();
            fox_1.findPosition();
            break;
            case "stop": case "s":
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, "GoodBye! Thanks for trying my model!");
            loop=1;
            break;
            default: JOptionPane.showMessageDialog (null, "ummmm sorry that wasn't a direction...Please try again.");
            break;
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

如果类Elk和Fox具有相同的父类(例如- Animal )，那么我相信有多种方法可以使这两个初学者函数成为一个函数。

1. 您可以让start函数的调用方发送对象来处理，例如- 公共无效commonStarter(动物动物){. //做你对动物的逻辑。}
2. 或者，您可以向您的starter函数发送一个参数，该参数将决定是创建Elk还是Fox，然后基于此在您的类中创建正确的- public void commonStarter(boolean ){动物动物=无；if(isElk) {=新Elk()；}= new ()；}. //执行您的逻辑。}

Answer 2

最好的方法是创建一个父类/接口，然后使用布尔函数调用函数，该函数定义对象是Lion还是Elk。这就是所谓的类层次结构。

所以你只会替换代码的一部分。

Animal somename;
if (isElk)
   somename = new Elk();
else
   somename = new Fox();

其中isElk将是一个布尔值，如果用户想要创建一个新的Elk对象，这个值将为true；如果用户想要创建一个新的Fox对象，则为false。

Answer 3

您可以创建一个接口，并根据用户输入调用所需的实现。

类似于：

public interface Starter {
    void start();
}

public class ElkStarter implements Starter {

    private String name;
    // + constructor, getters, setters

    @Override
    public void start() {
        // ...
    }
}

// ...

public Starter getStarter(String animalType) {
    switch (animalType.toLowerCase()) {
      case "elk": return new ElkStart("elk_1");
      case "fox": return new FoxStart("fox_1");
      default: return null;
    }
}

public void systemStart() {
    // ...
    Starter starter = getStarter(animalType);
    // at this point, you do not know what Starter actually is
    if(starter != null) {
        starter.start();
    } else {
        // ...
    }
}