命令"sudo ocamlfind list“和"ocamlfind list”的不同结果

Question

我这里有个问题，真让我抓狂。我从未与OCaml合作过，也不知道它是如何工作的。

问题是:我需要安装camlidl库。我是通过opam (opam install camlidl)做的。

正如我之前所说的，我对OCaml一无所知。ocamlfind list没有显示包列表。在网上搜索，发现运行eval $'opam config eval'会有所帮助。

奇怪的是(我不知道为什么)在这个命令执行之后ocamlfind能够看到包，但是(！)如果我运行sudo ocamlfind list，它将显示没有此包的列表。

有人能帮我理解为什么会发生这种事，以及如何解决这个问题吗？我需要编译一些需要camlidl的东西，它必须在sudo下完成。

提前谢谢你！

ocamlfind list的执行

bigarray            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
bytes               (version: [OCaml strictly before 4.02])
camlidl             (version: 1.05)
camlp4              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.exceptiontracer (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.extend       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.foldgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.fulllib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.gramlib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.lib          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.listcomprehension (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.locationstripper (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.macro        (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.mapgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.metagenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.profiler     (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations   (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.o (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.r (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.tracer       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.bytecomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.common (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.optcomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.toplevel (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
dynlink             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
findlib             (version: 1.5.5)
graphics            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
labltk              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num-top             (version: 1.5.5)
num.core            (version: [internal])
oUnit               (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.advanced      (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.threads       (version: 2.0.0)
ocamlbuild          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
ocamlgraph          (version: 1.8.6)
stdlib              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
str                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads.posix       (version: [internal])
threads.vm          (version: [internal])
unix                (version: [distributed with Ocaml])

sudo ocamlfind list的执行

bigarray            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.exceptiontracer (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.extend       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.foldgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.fulllib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.gramlib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.lib          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.listcomprehension (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.locationstripper (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.macro        (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.mapgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.metagenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.profiler     (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations   (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.o (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.r (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.tracer       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.bytecomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.common (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.optcomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.toplevel (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
dynlink             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
findlib             (version: 1.4.1)
graphics            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
labltk              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num-top             (version: 1.4.1)
num.core            (version: [internal])
oUnit               (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.advanced      (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.threads       (version: 2.0.0)
ocamlbuild          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
ocamlgraph          (version: 1.8.5)
stdlib              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
str                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads.posix       (version: [internal])
threads.vm          (version: [internal])
unix                (version: [distributed with Ocaml])

opam的执行

Installed packages for system:
base-bigarray   base  Bigarray library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-threads    base  Threads library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-unix       base  Unix library distributed with the OCaml compiler
camlidl         1.05  Stub code generator for OCaml
ocamlfind      1.5.5  A library manager for OCaml
ocamlgraph     1.8.6  A generic graph library for OCaml
ounit          2.0.0  Unit testing framework loosely based on HUnit. It is similar to JUnit, and other XUnit testing frameworks

sudo -i opam list的执行

Installed packages for system:
base-bigarray   base  Bigarray library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-threads    base  Threads library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-unix       base  Unix library distributed with the OCaml compiler
camlidl         1.05  Stub code generator for OCaml

Answer 1

eval $(opam config env)用变量填充您的环境，这有助于ocamlfind在Python中查找库、c.f.和PIP的虚拟环境。

在用户帐户下计算此命令时，只为用户填充环境，因此其他用户(包括root用户)看不到该环境。此外，通常情况下，您在用户本地模式下安装ocaml包，而不是在系统范围内安装。

为了解决您的问题，在不深入研究OCaml基础结构的情况下，我建议如下：

1. 如果可能的话，不要使用sudo。实际上，我不认为使用sudo进行编译的原因。可能只需要安装。所以，使用make和sudo make install。如果您已经不小心使用make运行sudo，它可能会创建根所有权下的文件，因此您需要删除所有内容并从头开始。
2. 如果不可能(包构建系统被破坏)，那么尝试在根用户下安装opam，并以根用户的身份执行所有操作，例如，使用sudo su -切换到根模式，然后继续正常运行。