冻结(.exe)一个traitsUI程序，实际可行吗？

Question

我正试图用cx_freeze或pyInstaller来冻结一个利用查科、特征、TraitsUI的TraitsUI程序，并在较小的程度上使用mayavi (实际上可以删除)。我需要在mac，linux，ubuntu上运行，这样就可以避免使用py2exe了。我有意卸载pyqt和pyside，以便只有wx后端可用。

使用cx_freeze，我遇到并报告了一个bug，所以pyInstaller似乎让我得到了最大的帮助。它生成一个.exe文件，但当我运行该文件时，会收到警告和一个错误。为了生成.exe文件，我这样做了：

pyinstaller --onefile --name=pameapp pamemain.py 
pyinstaller pameapp.exe

在运行时，警告如下：

Warning: Unable to import the wx backend for pyface due to traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/pyface.toolkit", line 45, in _init_toolkit
      File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/pyface.toolkit", line 31, in import_toolkit
    ImportError: No module named wx.init

Warning: Unable to import the qt4 backend for pyface due to traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/pyface.toolkit", line 45, in _init_toolkit
      File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/pyface.toolkit", line 31, in import_toolkit
    ImportError: No module named init

Warning: Unable to import the null backend for pyface due to traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/pyface.toolkit", line 45, in _init_toolkit
      File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/pyface.toolkit", line 31, in import_toolkit
    ImportError: No module named null.init

此外，我还得到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 8, in <module>
  File "/home/glue/anaconda/envs/fibersim/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traitsui.api", line 35, in <module>
  File "/home/glue/anaconda/envs/fibersim/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traitsui.editors", line 22, in <module>
  File "/home/glue/anaconda/envs/fibersim/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traitsui.editors.api", line 10, in <module>
  File "/home/glue/anaconda/envs/fibersim/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traitsui.editors.code_editor", line 36, in <module>
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traitsui.editors.code_editor", line 48, in ToolkitEditorFactory
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traits.traits", line 487, in __call__
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traits.traits", line 1191, in Color
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traitsui.toolkit_traits", line 7, in ColorTrait
  File "/home/glue/Desktop/fibersim/pame/build/pameapp/out00-PYZ.pyz/traitsui.toolkit", line 137, in toolkit
traits.trait_errors.TraitError: Could not find any UI toolkit called 'null'

pyface可能有很多动态导入，所以这肯定是任何试图冻结ETS的人都会遇到的问题。有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？

考虑到在网上流传的旧东西的成功率，冻结一个ETS项目，它是否值得进一步的投资？对我们来说，让人们避免为这个应用程序配置python将是一个巨大的好处。

谢谢。

Answer 1

您使用的Pyface.toolkit使用的是动态导入：

def import_toolkit(tk):
    try:
        # Try and import the toolkit's pyface backend init module.
        be = 'pyface.ui.%s.' % tk
        __import__(be + 'init')
    except:
        raise
    return be

因此，pyinstaller无法检测到这一点。使用python -v b.py 2>&1 | grep imp检查什么是特定的导入，并添加带有适当hiddenimports列表的钩子文件(钩子-..py)。

但是，我已经在本地进行了一些测试，并且无法使用__import__进行工作测试模式。这很奇怪，因为我做了一些调试，我发现隐藏导入是添加的，但仍然不能使用。