MacOSX10.9.5上的HealPix C++链接错误

Question

我已经在运行着OSX10.9.5的Linux和MacBookPro上成功地安装和测试了MacBookPro 3.11。在Mac上，在编译healpix库时，我在配置脚本中选择了'cxx‘和'osx’。注意:在linux系统上，它运行得非常好。

然而，在我的OS系统上，当我尝试将它用于我自己的简单的疗愈示例时，它编译但没有正确地链接。下面是我得到的链接错误：

    Scanning dependencies of target garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1.dir/src/demos/fft-demos/diff-sphericaldomain-demo1.cxx.o
Linking CXX executable bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "std::string::find_last_not_of(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
      trim(std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::find_first_not_of(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
      trim(std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::find(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::compare(char const*) const", referenced from:
      planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_words_from_file(std::string const&, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ctype<char>::_M_widen_init() const", referenced from:
      planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<double>(double&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<long double>(long double&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<float>(float&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned int>(unsigned int&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<unsigned int>(std::string const&, unsigned int&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<long>(long&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned long>(unsigned long&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned short>(unsigned short&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<unsigned short>(std::string const&, unsigned short&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<long long>(long long&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned long long>(unsigned long long&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream::operator>>(int&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<int>(std::string const&, int&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::istream::operator>>(short&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<short>(std::string const&, short&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream::put(char)", referenced from:
      planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream::flush()", referenced from:
      planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<double>(double)", referenced from:
      operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
      std::string dataToString<double>(double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<float>(float const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<long double>(long double)", referenced from:
      std::string dataToString<long double>(long double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<long>(long)", referenced from:
      intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<long>(long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<unsigned long>(unsigned long)", referenced from:
      std::string dataToString<unsigned long>(unsigned long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<unsigned short>(unsigned short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<unsigned int>(unsigned int const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<long long>(long long)", referenced from:
      std::string dataToString<long long>(long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<unsigned long long>(unsigned long long)", referenced from:
      std::string dataToString<unsigned long long>(unsigned long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream::operator<<(int)", referenced from:
      planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<int>(int const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::ostream::operator<<(short)", referenced from:
      std::string dataToString<short>(short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::_M_leak_hard()", referenced from:
      tolower(std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from:
      PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, char const*) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      string2HealpixScheme(std::string const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
      (anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<std::string>(std::string const&, std::string&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<bool>(std::string const&, bool&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  "std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage", referenced from:
      PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, char const*) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
      string2HealpixScheme(std::string const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
      (anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<std::string>(std::string const&, std::string&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  "std::string::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from:
      char* std::string::_S_construct<char*>(char*, char*, std::allocator<char> const&, std::forward_iterator_tag) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::append(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, char const*) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
      (anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<bool>(std::string const&, bool&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void split<float>(std::string const&, std::vector<float, std::allocator<float> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void split<double>(std::string const&, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void split<int>(std::string const&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  "std::string::append(std::string const&)", referenced from:
      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
      (anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::assign(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      parse_cmdline_classic(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  "std::string::assign(std::string const&)", referenced from:
      void stringToData<std::string>(std::string const&, std::string&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)

  "VTT for std::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
      std::string dataToString<short>(short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<double>(double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<long long>(long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<long double>(long double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<unsigned long>(unsigned long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<long>(long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  "vtable for std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_words_from_file(std::string const&, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for std::basic_ifstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      parse_words_from_file(std::string const&, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for std::basic_stringbuf<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
      void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
      void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for std::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
      std::string dataToString<short>(short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<double>(double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<long long>(long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<long double>(long double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<unsigned long>(unsigned long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      std::string dataToString<long>(long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
      ...
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

此错误仅来自libcxxsupport.a链接静态库，这是非常奇怪的。

下面是我用来编译程序的FindHealPix.cmake文件的链接。如前所述，我能够在Linuxubuntu14.04版本机器上编译和链接，没有任何问题。

Answer 1

最后，我找到了一个办法让它发挥作用。

由于在OpenMP库中使用了Healpix_3.11，我开始收到其他类型的错误，但我不明白为什么。这个错误看起来是这样的：

    Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
      "_GOMP_critical_end", referenced from:
          _sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
      "_GOMP_critical_start", referenced from:
          _sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
      "_GOMP_loop_dynamic_next", referenced from:
          _sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _phase2map._omp_fn.2 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _map2phase._omp_fn.1 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _gauss_legendre_tbl._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp_geomhelpers.o)
      "_GOMP_loop_dynamic_start", referenced from:
          _sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _phase2map._omp_fn.2 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _map2phase._omp_fn.1 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _gauss_legendre_tbl._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp_geomhelpers.o)
      "_GOMP_loop_end", referenced from:
          _sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _phase2map._omp_fn.2 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
          _map2phase._omp_fn.1 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
      "_GOMP_loop_end_nowait", referenced from:
          _gauss_legendre_tbl._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp_geomhelpers.o)
      "_GOMP_parallel_end", referenced from:
...

但是在谷歌搜索之后，我发现这个错误出现了，因为Clang编译器不允许使用-fopenmp标志。因此，我不得不想办法迫使我的CMakeLists.txt在我的项目中使用gcc和g++。

所以，问题在于ClangMacOSX10.9.5编译器。以下是一个快速的步骤：

1. 确保您的gcc和g++编译器在/usr/bin或/usr/local/bin中分别链接到gcc-49和g++-4.9。到这里找人帮忙。
2. 确保您的CMake调用的是g++和gcc编译器，而不是APPLE编译器。如果您在运行cmake .时收到以下消息，这意味着您的cmake正在调用Clang。

-C编译器标识为AppleClang 5.1.0.5030040 - CXX编译器标识为AppleClang 5.1.0.5030040

1. 您可以很容易地通过在project()行上声明CMakeLists.txt中的以下行来改变上述行为。我的那个看起来是这样的：

..。.endif=‘endif 1’>CMAKE_C_COMPILER_INIT gcc集(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_INIT g++) endif(苹果)项目(Healpix)

有关CMake编译器的更多帮助，请查看另一个堆叠溢出的答案和更改CMake编译器/工具。

编辑：

要运行像这一个这样的测试示例，可以使用终端命令行：

-I/Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/c_utils -I/Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/libfftpack -I/Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/libsharp -I/Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src / g++ /g++/cxx/cxxsupport -I/Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/Healpix_cxx -L。-L/Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib -fopenmp -fPIC -O2 -ffast-数学-fomit-框架指针/Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libhealpix_cxx.a /Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libcxxsupport.a /用户/gsingh/编程/车库/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libsharp.a /Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libfftpack.a /Users/gsingh/Programming/garage/third-party/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libc_utils.a -L/usr/local/opt/cfitsio/lib -lcfitsio