我在Ubuntu上使用了C++11和g++4.8。
考虑一下这个片段
class Parent {
public:
virtual ~Parent() = default;
virtual void f() = 0;
};
class Child: public Parent {
public:
void f(){}
};调用使用
{
Child o;
o.f();
}
{
Parent * o = new Child;
delete o;
}
{
Child * o = new Child;
delete o;
}我使用gcov生成代码覆盖率报告。它报告符号_ZN6ParentD0Ev的析构函数从未被调用,而_ZN6ParentD2Ev则被调用。
应答Dual emission of constructor symbols和GNU GCC (g++): Why does it generate multiple dtors?报告说,_ZN6ParentD0Ev是删除构造函数。
是否有在Parent 类上调用“删除析构函数”的情况?
次要问题:如果没有,是否有办法让gcov/lcov代码覆盖工具(Detailed guide on using gcov with CMake/CDash?的答案后面使用)在其报告中忽略该符号?
发布于 2014-09-04 09:55:56
我认为这是因为您有Child对象,而不是Parent对象。
{
Child o;
o.f();
} // 1
{
Parent * o = new Child;
delete o;
} // 2
{
Child * o = new Child;
delete o;
} // 3在// 1中,o被销毁,Child的完整对象析构函数被调用。由于Child继承了Parent,所以它将调用Parent的基本对象析构函数(即_ZN6ParentD2Ev )。
在// 2中,动态分配和删除o,并调用Child的删除析构函数。然后,它将调用Parent的基本对象析构函数。在这两种情况下,都调用基对象析构函数。
// 3是一样的。它只是等于// 2,除了o的类型。
我已经在cygwin & g++ 4.8.3和windows 7 x86 SP1上测试了它。这是我的测试代码。
class Parent
{
public:
virtual ~Parent() { }
virtual void f() = 0;
};
class Child : public Parent
{
public:
void f() { }
};
int main()
{
{
Child o;
o.f();
}
{
Parent * o = new Child;
delete o;
}
{
Child * o = new Child;
delete o;
}
}和编译& gcov选项:
$ g++ -std=c++11 -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage -O0 test.cpp -o test
$ ./test
$ gcov -b -f test.cpp结果是这样的。
-: 0:Source:test.cpp
-: 0:Graph:test.gcno
-: 0:Data:test.gcda
-: 0:Runs:1
-: 0:Programs:1
function _ZN6ParentC2Ev called 2 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
2: 1:class Parent
-: 2:{
-: 3:public:
function _ZN6ParentD0Ev called 0 returned 0% blocks executed 0%
function _ZN6ParentD1Ev called 0 returned 0% blocks executed 0%
function _ZN6ParentD2Ev called 3 returned 100% blocks executed 75%
3: 4: virtual ~Parent() = default;
call 0 never executed
call 1 never executed
branch 2 never executed
branch 3 never executed
call 4 never executed
branch 5 taken 0% (fallthrough)
branch 6 taken 100%
call 7 never executed
-: 5: virtual void f() = 0;
-: 6:};
-: 7:
function _ZN5ChildD0Ev called 2 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
function _ZN5ChildD1Ev called 3 returned 100% blocks executed 75%
function _ZN5ChildC1Ev called 2 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
7: 8:class Child : public Parent
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
call 2 returned 100%
branch 3 taken 0% (fallthrough)
branch 4 taken 100%
call 5 never executed
call 6 returned 100%
-: 9:{
-: 10:public:
function _ZN5Child1fEv called 1 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
1: 11: void f() { }
-: 12:};
-: 13:
function main called 1 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
1: 14:int main()
-: 15:{
-: 16: {
1: 17: Child o;
1: 18: o.f();
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
-: 19: }
-: 20: {
1: 21: Parent * o = new Child;
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
1: 22: delete o;
branch 0 taken 100% (fallthrough)
branch 1 taken 0%
call 2 returned 100%
-: 23: }
-: 24: {
1: 25: Child * o = new Child;
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
1: 26: delete o;
branch 0 taken 100% (fallthrough)
branch 1 taken 0%
call 2 returned 100%
-: 27: }
1: 28:}如您所见,_ZN6ParentD2Ev ( Base的基本对象destructur )被调用,而Base的其他对象则没有被调用。
然而,_ZN5ChildD0Ev,删除Child的析构函数,被调用两次,_ZN5ChildD1Ev,Child的完整对象析构函数,被调用三次,因为有delete o;和Child o;。
但是根据我的解释,_ZN5ChildD0Ev应该被叫两次,_ZN5ChildD1Ev应该叫做一次,不是吗?为了找出原因,我做了这个:
$ objdump -d test > test.dmp结果:
00403c88 <__ZN5ChildD0Ev>:
403c88: 55 push %ebp
403c89: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
403c8b: 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%esp
403c8e: a1 20 80 40 00 mov 0x408020,%eax
403c93: 8b 15 24 80 40 00 mov 0x408024,%edx
403c99: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
403c9c: 83 d2 00 adc $0x0,%edx
403c9f: a3 20 80 40 00 mov %eax,0x408020
403ca4: 89 15 24 80 40 00 mov %edx,0x408024
403caa: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
403cad: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
403cb0: e8 47 00 00 00 call 403cfc <__ZN5ChildD1Ev>
403cb5: a1 28 80 40 00 mov 0x408028,%eax
403cba: 8b 15 2c 80 40 00 mov 0x40802c,%edx
403cc0: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
403cc3: 83 d2 00 adc $0x0,%edx
403cc6: a3 28 80 40 00 mov %eax,0x408028
403ccb: 89 15 2c 80 40 00 mov %edx,0x40802c
403cd1: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
403cd4: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
403cd7: e8 a4 f9 ff ff call 403680 <___wrap__ZdlPv>
403cdc: a1 30 80 40 00 mov 0x408030,%eax
403ce1: 8b 15 34 80 40 00 mov 0x408034,%edx
403ce7: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
403cea: 83 d2 00 adc $0x0,%edx
403ced: a3 30 80 40 00 mov %eax,0x408030
403cf2: 89 15 34 80 40 00 mov %edx,0x408034
403cf8: c9 leave
403cf9: c3 ret
403cfa: 90 nop
403cfb: 90 nop是的,自从_ZN5ChildD0Ev给_ZN5ChildD1Ev打电话,_ZN5ChildD1Ev就被打了三次电话。(1 + 2)我想这只是GCC的实施--为了减少重复。
发布于 2014-09-04 09:54:45
你不能有父对象,所以没有。这是GCC的疏忽,这种不必要的功能产生了。优化器确实应该删除它,因为它是未使用的,但我发现GCC也有问题。
发布于 2015-09-06 17:31:25
正如ikh所解释的,当纯虚拟父类有一个虚拟析构函数时,就会不必要地生成(且不可用) D0析构函数。
但是,如果纯虚拟父类具有非虚拟析构函数,则可以删除指向父类型的指针,这将调用父类的D0析构函数。当然,父类中的非虚拟析构函数很少是理想的或有意的,因此g++发出警告:[-Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor]。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25662174
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