使用dpkg-buildpackage (或debuild)时的链接错误

Question

我正试图为一个旧项目构建一个Debian包，但是我遇到了一个非常奇怪的错误。

当使用给定的Makefile和make命令时，程序构建自己时不会出错。但是，当我使用dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc或debuild -us -uc构建包时，我会多次得到这个错误(针对不同的文件)：

/usr/bin/gcc -fpic -pthread -g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -o  ../../x86_64_R3.13.0-29-generic/2bin/LIBDMC/getline.o SOURCE/SHARED/getline.c
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 11
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 1 has invalid symbol index 12
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 2 has invalid symbol index 2
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 3 has invalid symbol index 2
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 4 has invalid symbol index 11
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 5 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 6 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 7 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 8 has invalid symbol index 12
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 9 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 10 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 11 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 12 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 13 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 14 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 15 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 16 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 17 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 18 has invalid symbol index 13
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 19 has invalid symbol index 21
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_line): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 2
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o: In function `_start':
(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

它说没有找到main，但是在用make构建时，不会出现这个问题。注意，两天前它运行得很好，但是昨天就停止了.

下面是gcc -v的输出：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1' 
--with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs 
--enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr
--program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib 
--without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 
--libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu 
--enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object 
--disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin 
--enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre 
--enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 
--with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 
--with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar 
--enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 
--with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic 
--enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu 
--target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.2 (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1)

我不会发布任何代码，因为它很长(甚至是Makefile)，而且问题不应该出现在那里，因为它在使用make时可以工作。

Answer 1

我终于发现了这个问题：debuild和dpkg-buildpackage将环境变量CFLAGS初始化为某个值，我的Makefile使用-e选项调用其他Makefile。这些Makefiles正在用-c ...选项初始化-c ...，但是make的-e选项会覆盖已经在环境中定义的局部变量。因此，CFLAGS有一个没有-c选项的值，并且构建了一个二进制文件而不是一个对象文件。这就是为什么ld没有在程序中找到主要的原因。