Python:函数接受2个给定参数的一个参数

Question

我已经在这个网站上寻找类似的东西，并试图使用以前的答案进行调试，但失败了。

我正在测试(我没有写这个模块)一个模块，该模块将课程成绩的分数值从B更改为B，但从不跨越基本等级(即B+到A-)。

最初的模块名为transcript.py，我正在自己的testtranscript.py中测试它

我正在通过导入模块来测试这个模块：‘importing’和‘importing’--我确保了所有文件都在同一个文件夹/目录中。

raise_grade函数存在于transcript.py中(在这个模块中有多个定义，但raise_grade是唯一给我带来麻烦的)。ti为形式(“类名”、“梯度值”)

已经有另一个定义将浮点数转换为字符串和返回(即3.0-> B)。

def raise_grade(ti):
""""Raise gradeval of transcript line ti by a non-noticeable amount.


"""
# value of the base letter grade, e.g., 4 (or 4.0) for a 4.3
bval = int(ti.gradeval)
print 'bval is:"' + str(bval) + '"'

# part after decimal point in raised grade, e.g., 3 (or 3.0) for a 4.3
newdec = min(int((ti.gradeval + .3)*10) % 10, 3)
print 'newdec is:"' + str(newdec) + '"'

# get result by add the two values together, after shifting  newdec  one
# decimal place
newval = bval + round(newdec/10.0, 1)
ti.gradeval = newval
print 'newval is:"' + str(newval) + '"'

我以后可能会把指纹处理掉。

当我运行transcript时，它将导入文本：

def test_raise():
"""test raise_grade"""
testobj = transcript.Titem('CS1110','B-')
transcript.raise_grade('CS1110','B-')
cornelltest.assert_floats_equal(3.0,transcript.lettergrade_to_val("B-"))

我从cmd shell中得到了这样的信息: TypeError: raise_grade只接受一个参数(2给定)

Edit1:所以现在我看到，当raise_grade(ti)只是一个参数时，我给了它两个参数，但是如果我只输出剩下的代码，它可能会发出更多的信息。我仍然被困在为什么得到'str‘对象没有分级错误

LETTER_LIST = ['B', 'A']

# List of valid modifiers to base letter grades.
MODIFIER_LIST = ['-','+']

def lettergrade_to_val(lg):
"""Returns: numerical value of letter grade lg.

The usual numerical scheme is assumed: A+ -> 4.3, A -> 4.0, A- -> 3.7, etc.

Precondition: lg is a 1 or 2-character string consisting of a "base" letter
in LETTER_LIST optionally followed by a modifier in MODIFIER_LIST."""

# if LETTER_LIST or MODIFIER_LIST change, the implementation of
# this function must change.

# get value of base letter. Trick: index in LETTER_LIST is shifted from value
bv = LETTER_LIST.index(lg[0]) + 3
# Trick with indexing in MODIFIER_LIST to get the modifier value
return bv + ((MODIFIER_LIST.index(lg[1]) - .5)*.3/.5 if (len(lg) == 2) else 0)


class Titem(object):
"""A Titem is an 'item' on a transcript, like "CS1110 A+"

Instance variables:
    course [string]: course name.  Always at least 1 character long.

    gradeval [float]: the numerical equivalent of the letter grade.
                      Valid letter grades are 1 or 2 chars long, and consist
                      of a "base" letter in LETTER_LIST optionally followed
                      by a modifier in MODIFIER_LIST.
                      We store values instead of letter grades to facilitate
                      calculations of GPA later.

                      (In "real" life, one would write a function that,
                      when displaying a Titem, would display the letter
                      grade even though the underlying representation is
                      numerical, but we're keeping things simple for this
                      lab.)
"""

def __init__(self, n, lg):
    """Initializer: A new transcript line with course (name) n, gradeval
       the numerical equivalent of letter grade lg.

       Preconditions: n is a non-empty string.
       lg is a string consisting of a "base" letter in LETTER_LIST
       optionally followed by modifier in MODIFIER_LIST.
       """
    # assert statements that cause an error when preconditions are violated
    assert type(n) == str and type(lg) == str, 'argument type error'
    assert (len(n) >= 1 and  0 < len(lg) <= 2 and lg[0] in LETTER_LIST and
            (len(lg) == 1 or lg[1] in MODIFIER_LIST)), 'argument value error'

    self.course = n
    self.gradeval = lettergrade_to_val(lg)

Edit2:我理解最初的问题.但似乎最初的作者搞砸了代码，因为raise_grade在3.7 -> 4.0的等级值下不能正常工作，因为bval采用了原始的浮点数，并使它成为一个int，在本例中不起作用。

Answer 1

如果调用函数不正确，则应该传递testobj

def test_raise():
    """test raise_grade"""
    testobj = transcript.Titem('CS1110','B-')
    transcript.raise_grade(testobj)
    ...

raise_grade函数需要一个参数ti，该参数具有gradeval属性，即Titem实例。