我打算使用http-conduit通过HTTP/HTTPS获取大量数据。为了有效地做到这一点,我想使用Accept-Encoding: deflate,gzip头来允许服务器(如果支持的话)以压缩的方式传输数据。
但是,我想从其中获取的一些服务器似乎在没有返回gzip数据的情况下使用Content-Encoding: gzip头进行了错误的响应。
因此,我需要处理这些个案:
在第三种情况下,可以(在这种特定情况下)安全地假定明文、未压缩的数据看起来不像gzip数据,因此响应标头说它是gzip && un失败完全等同于数据没有压缩。
我如何使用http-conduit来完成这个任务?
注意:这个问题故意没有表现出研究的努力,因为它已经被立即以问答式的方式回答了。
发布于 2014-02-15 04:26:28
为了使这个答案更简洁,我们将使用代码&一些我以前的文章中的概念:
为了避免冗余,我将首先解释基本步骤,然后提供一个完整的示例。
首先,我们将处理发送标头。注意,wile http-types包含hContentEncoding,hAcceptEncoding不是预定义的。此外,这是一项琐碎的工作。
发送请求后,我们需要检查是否存在Content-Encoding。如果没有,我们将假定未压缩的明文,否则我们需要检查它是gzip还是deflate。在这个上下文中,到底是哪一个并不重要,因为zlib支持按头自动检测。
对于这个非常简单的示例,我们只是假设,如果服务器返回一个既不存在也不存在的Content-Encoding值,那么响应就不会被压缩。由于我们不允许(通过Accept-Encoding)其他压缩,如sdch,服务器将违反HTTP标准的行为方式。
如果我们检测到压缩编码,我们尝试解压缩并返回它。如果失败了,或者数据根本没有被压缩,我们将返回普通响应体。
下面是一个例子:
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Network.HTTP.Conduit
import Network.Connection
import Codec.Compression.Zlib.Internal
import Data.Maybe
import Data.Either
import Network.HTTP.Types
import Data.ByteString.Char8 (ByteString)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as LB
myurl :: String
myurl = "http://stackoverflow.com"
hAcceptEncoding :: HeaderName
hAcceptEncoding = "Accept-Encoding"
-- | The Accept-Encoding HTTP header value for allowing gzip or deflated responses
gzipDeflateEncoding :: ByteString
gzipDeflateEncoding = "gzip,deflate"
-- HTTP header list that allows gzipped/deflated response
compressionEnabledHeaders :: RequestHeaders
compressionEnabledHeaders = [(hAcceptEncoding, gzipDeflateEncoding)]
-- | Give an encoding string and a HTTP response object,
-- Checks if the Content-Encoding header value of the response object
-- is equal to the given encoding. Returns false if no ContentEncoding
-- header exists in the given response, or if the value does not match
-- the encoding parameter.
hasResponseEncoding :: ByteString -> Response b -> Bool
hasResponseEncoding encoding response =
let responseEncoding = lookup hContentEncoding headers
headers = responseHeaders response
in maybe False (== encoding) responseEncoding
-- | Convert the custom error format from zlib to a Either
decompressStreamToEither :: DecompressStream -> Either String LB.ByteString
decompressStreamToEither (StreamError _ errmsg) = Left errmsg
decompressStreamToEither stream@(StreamChunk _ _) = Right $ fromDecompressStream stream
decompressStreamToEither StreamEnd = Right $ ""
-- | Decompress with explicit error handling
safeDecompress :: LB.ByteString -> Either String LB.ByteString
safeDecompress bstr = decompressStreamToEither $ decompressWithErrors gzipOrZlibFormat defaultDecompressParams bstr
-- | Decompress gzip, if it fails, return uncompressed String
decompressIfPossible :: LB.ByteString -> LB.ByteString
decompressIfPossible bstr =
let conv (Left a) = bstr
conv (Right a) = a
in (conv . safeDecompress) bstr
-- | Tolerantly decompress response body. As some HTTP servers set the header incorrectly,
-- just return the plain response text if the compression fails
decompressResponseBody :: Response LB.ByteString -> LB.ByteString
decompressResponseBody res
| hasResponseEncoding "gzip" res = decompressIfPossible $ responseBody res
| hasResponseEncoding "deflate" res = decompressIfPossible $ responseBody res
| otherwise = responseBody res
-- | Download like with simpleHttp, but using an existing manager for the task
-- and automatically requesting & handling gzipped data
simpleHttpWithAutoGzip :: Manager -> String -> IO LB.ByteString
simpleHttpWithAutoGzip manager url = do req <- parseUrl url
let req' = req {requestHeaders = compressionEnabledHeaders}
fmap decompressResponseBody $ httpLbs req' manager
-- Example usage
main :: IO ()
main = do manager <- newManager conduitManagerSettings -- Create a simple manager
content <- simpleHttpWithAutoGzip manager "http://stackoverflow.com"
-- Print the uncompressed content
print $ contenthttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/21793393
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