我正努力让我的头围绕着LPEG。我已经想出了一种能做我想做的事的语法,但我一直在和这个语法搏斗,但没走多远。其思想是解析一个文档,它是TeX的一种简化形式。我想把一份文件分成:
\begin{cmd}和\end{cmd}对。\foo{bar}这样的参数,也可以是裸的:\foo。\command[color=green,background=blue]{content}。为了处理错误,我还想跟踪行号信息。到目前为止,我的情况如下:
lpeg = require("lpeg")
lpeg.locale(lpeg)
-- Assume a lot of "X = lpeg.X" here.
-- Line number handling from http://lua-users.org/lists/lua-l/2011-05/msg00607.html
-- with additional print statements to check they are working.
local newline = P"\r"^-1 * "\n" / function (a) print("New"); end
local incrementline = Cg( Cb"linenum" )/ function ( a ) print("NL"); return a + 1 end , "linenum"
local setup = Cg ( Cc ( 1) , "linenum" )
nl = newline * incrementline
space = nl + lpeg.space
-- Taken from "Name-value lists" in http://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/
local identifier = (R("AZ") + R("az") + P("_") + R("09"))^1
local sep = lpeg.S(",;") * space^0
local value = (1-lpeg.S(",;]"))^1
local pair = lpeg.Cg(C(identifier) * space ^0 * "=" * space ^0 * C(value)) * sep^-1
local list = lpeg.Cf(lpeg.Ct("") * pair^0, rawset)
local parameters = (P("[") * list * P("]")) ^-1
-- And the rest is mine
anything = C( (space^1 + (1-lpeg.S("\\{}")) )^1) * Cb("linenum") / function (a,b) return { text = a, line = b } end
begin_environment = P("\\begin") * Ct(parameters) * P("{") * Cg(identifier, "environment") * Cb("environment") * P("}") / function (a,b) return { params = a[1], environment = b } end
end_environment = P("\\end{") * Cg(identifier) * P("}")
texlike = lpeg.P{
"document";
document = setup * V("stuff") * -1,
stuff = Cg(V"environment" + anything + V"bracketed_stuff" + V"command_with" + V"command_without")^0,
bracketed_stuff = P"{" * V"stuff" * P"}" / function (a) return a end,
command_with =((P("\\") * Cg(identifier) * Ct(parameters) * Ct(V"bracketed_stuff"))-P("\\end{")) / function (i,p,n) return { command = i, parameters = p, nodes = n } end,
command_without = (( P("\\") * Cg(identifier) * Ct(parameters) )-P("\\end{")) / function (i,p) return { command = i, parameters = p } end,
environment = Cg(begin_environment * Ct(V("stuff")) * end_environment) / function (b,stuff, e) return { b = b, stuff = stuff, e = e} end
}它几乎成功了!
> texlike:match("\\foo[one=two]thing\\bar")
{
command = "foo",
parameters = {
{
one = "two",
},
},
}
{
line = 1,
text = "thing",
}
{
command = "bar",
parameters = {
},
}但!首先,我根本无法让电话号码处理部分工作。incrementline中的函数从不被触发。
我也不知道嵌套捕获信息是如何传递给处理函数的(这就是为什么我在语法上半分散了Cg、C和Ct )。这意味着只从command_with中返回一个项。
> texlike:match("\\foo{text \\command moretext}")
{
command = "foo",
nodes = {
{
line = 1,
text = "text ",
},
},
parameters = {
},
}我也希望能够检查环境的开始和结束是否匹配,但是当我尝试这样做时,我从“开始”到“结束”时的反向引用不在范围内。我不知道从这里往哪里走。
发布于 2015-01-01 01:32:20
迟答,但希望它能提供一些洞察力,如果你还在寻找解决方案,或想知道问题是什么。
你的语法有几个问题,其中一些可能很难发现。
这里的行增量看起来不正确:
local incrementline = Cg( Cb"linenum" ) /
function ( a ) print("NL"); return a + 1 end,
"linenum"看起来,您的目的是创建一个命名的捕获组,而不是匿名组。反捕获linenum实际上是作为一个变量使用的。问题是因为这是在匿名捕获中,linenum不会正确更新-- function(a)在调用时总是会收到1。您需要将关闭的)移到末尾,以便包含"linenum":
local incrementline = Cg( Cb"linenum" /
function ( a ) print("NL"); return a + 1 end,
"linenum")相关的LPeg documentation用于Cg捕获。
第二个问题是anything非终端规则:
anything = C( (space^1 + (1-lpeg.S("\\{}")) )^1) * Cb("linenum") ...这里有几件事要小心。首先,一个命名的Cg捕获(一旦incrementline规则被修复)不会产生任何结果,除非它在表中或者您备份它。第二件主要的事情是它有一个特殊的作用域,就像一个变量。更确切地说,当你在外部捕捉到它时,它的范围就结束了--就像你在这里做的那样:
C( (space^1 + (...) )^1)这意味着当你用* Cb("linenum")引用它的反向捕获时,已经太晚了--你真正想要的linenum已经关闭了它的范围。
我总是觉得LPeg的re语法更容易理解,所以我用它重写了语法:
local grammar_cb =
{
fold = pairfold,
resetlinenum = resetlinenum,
incrementlinenum = incrementlinenum, getlinenum = getlinenum,
error = error
}
local texlike_grammar = re.compile(
[[
document <- '' -> resetlinenum {| docpiece* |} !.
docpiece <- {| envcmd |} / {| cmd |} / multiline
beginslash <- cmdslash 'begin'
endslash <- cmdslash 'end'
envcmd <- beginslash paramblock? {:beginenv: envblock :} (!endslash docpiece)*
endslash openbrace {:endenv: =beginenv :} closebrace / &beginslash {} -> error .
envblock <- openbrace key closebrace
cmd <- cmdslash {:command: identifier :} (paramblock? cmdblock)?
cmdblock <- openbrace {:nodes: {| docpiece* |} :} closebrace
paramblock <- opensq ( {:parameters: {| parampairs |} -> fold :} / whitesp) closesq
parampairs <- parampair (sep parampair)*
parampair <- key assign value
key <- whitesp { identifier }
value <- whitesp { [^],;%s]+ }
multiline <- (nl? text)+
text <- {| {:text: (!cmd !closebrace !%nl [_%w%p%s])+ :} {:line: '' -> getlinenum :} |}
identifier <- [_%w]+
cmdslash <- whitesp '\'
assign <- whitesp '='
sep <- whitesp ','
openbrace <- whitesp '{'
closebrace <- whitesp '}'
opensq <- whitesp '['
closesq <- whitesp ']'
nl <- {%nl+} -> incrementlinenum
whitesp <- (nl / %s)*
]], grammar_cb)回调函数直接向前定义为:
local function pairfold(...)
local t, kv = {}, ...
if #kv % 2 == 1 then return ... end
for i = #kv, 2, -2 do
t[ kv[i - 1] ] = kv[i]
end
return t
end
local incrementlinenum, getlinenum, resetlinenum do
local line = 1
function incrementlinenum(nl)
assert(not nl:match "%S")
line = line + #nl
end
function getlinenum() return line end
function resetlinenum() line = 1 end
end使用具有多行的非平凡tex类str测试语法:
local test1 = [[\foo{text \bar[color = red, background = black]{
moretext \baz{
even
more text} }
this time skipping multiple
lines even, such wow!}]]以lua-table格式生成以下AST:
{
command = "foo",
nodes = {
{
text = "text",
line = 1
},
{
parameters = {
color = "red",
background = "black"
},
command = "bar",
nodes = {
{
text = " moretext",
line = 2
},
{
command = "baz",
nodes = {
{
text = "even ",
line = 3
},
{
text = "more text",
line = 4
}
}
}
}
},
{
text = "this time skipping multiple",
line = 7
},
{
text = "lines even, such wow!",
line = 9
}
}
}以及开始/结束环境的第二个测试:
local test2 = [[\begin[p1
=apple,
p2=blue]{scope} scope foobar
\end{scope} global foobar]]似乎给出了你想要的东西:
{
{
{
text = " scope foobar",
line = 3
},
parameters = {
p1 = "apple",
p2 = "blue"
},
beginenv = "scope",
endenv = "scope"
},
{
text = " global foobar",
line = 4
}
}https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21622316
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