猫头鹰的不同:有价值和有猫头鹰:耶拿的OWLMicroReasoner支持之一？
猫头鹰的不同:有价值和有猫头鹰:耶拿的OWLMicroReasoner支持之一？
提问于 2014-01-19 22:32:15
我正在使用值限制从它的值信息中派生实例类型：
:SpaceMission rdf:type owl:Class .
:shuttleUsed rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :SpaceMission .
:Apollo11 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual .
:Mission11 rdf:type :SpaceMission , owl:NamedIndividual ;
:shuttleUsed :Apollo11 .
:ApolloMission rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( :SpaceMission
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :shuttleUsed ;
owl:hasValue :Apollo11
]
)
] .单个值限制owl:hasValue工作良好，:Mission11返回类型的SPARQL与预期的空间任务和:ApolloMission相同。然后，为类:ApolloMission的定义添加第二个值限制。
:Apollo13 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual .
:ApolloMission rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( :SpaceMission
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :shuttleUsed ;
owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( :Apollo11
:Apollo13
)
]
]
)
] .(限制类型从owl:hasValue自动更改为owl:someValuesFrom)。在这种情况下，不返回单个:ApolloMission的类型:Mission11的预期推断，而只返回:SpaceMission。我有什么问题吗？或者类型推断只有在owl:hasValue类型的值限制下才有可能？
我正在使用Jena的OWLMicroReasoner并运行{<:Mission11> a ?type}的SPARQL查询。也许它无法从owl:someValuesFrom限制中推断。正如我所说，owl:hasValue限制确实适用于耶拿的微推理者。耶拿的内置推理器支持owl:someValuesFrom限制吗？
回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2014-01-19 23:54:40
如果您能够提供我们可以用于测试的整个本体，通常会更有帮助。这个不太大，所以很容易再创造出来。无论如何，我已经复制了它，它包括在这个答案的末尾。
这种推理在OWL中是有效的。
您要寻找的推论在OWL中是有效的，我们可以通过使用逻辑上完整的OWL推理器来看到这一点，例如，Pellet。我们会在Protégé看到这一点(但你也可以和耶拿一起使用球团)。在Protégé中重新创建的本体如下所示：
然后，当我们启用颗粒推理器并请求ApolloMission的实例时，我们得到了Mission11，就像预期的那样：
因为您说您要求的是Mission11的类型，所以您可能使用了一个查询，比如请求{Mission11}的超类。这也产生了预期的类：
再现本体论
@prefix : <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix space: <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#> .
<http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl>
a owl:Ontology .
space:Mission11 a owl:NamedIndividual , space:SpaceMission ;
space:shuttleUsed space:Apollo11 .
space:shuttleUsed a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain space:SpaceMission .
space:Apollo13 a owl:Thing , owl:NamedIndividual .
space:ApolloMission a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( space:SpaceMission [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty space:shuttleUsed ;
owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( space:Apollo13 space:Apollo11 )
]
] )
] .
space:SpaceMission a owl:Class .
space:Apollo11 a owl:Thing , owl:NamedIndividual .为什么你不能从耶拿的推理中得到一些结果
耶娜的理由还不完全。这并不意味着它们还没有完成；完全是形式推理中描述推理者(或算法等)的一个技术术语。这意味着根据推理者不会产生的语言的语义，有正确的推论。耶拿的推理不完整的原因与实施策略(使用基于规则的推理者)和效率考虑有关(我们可以接受速度和我们可以得到的推论之间的权衡)。
有关耶拿理由的更多信息，您应该从文档中查看推理和规则引擎:耶拿推理支持。但是，它并不完全是最新的，例如，它说：
在耶拿OWL推理器中，除了OWL/lite之外，不支持的关键构造是complementOf和oneOf。如上所述，对unionOf的支持是部分的(由于基于规则的方法的局限性)，但对于遍历类层次结构非常有用。
但是，正如下面的代码所示，事实上，在一些推理器中存在对owl:oneOf的支持，因此一些推理器可以根据您的需要进行ApolloMission推断。
Jena提供了许多理由，获得连接到它们的OntModel的最简单方法是使用在OntModelSpec中声明的静态OntModelSpecs。下面的Java代码显示，使用您提供的最终本体，不同的原因提供了不同的结果。(获得不同OntModelSpecs的反射代码有点麻烦，但举一个快速的例子来说，它很好。)代码为以"OWL_“开头的每个声明的规范构造一个OWL_，并对它们运行查询。
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntModel;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntModelSpec;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.query.QueryExecutionFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.query.ResultSetFormatter;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;
public class JenaReasonersSpaceExample {
private final static String QUERY =
"PREFIX : <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#>\n" +
"select ?type where {\n" +
" :Mission11 a ?type .\n" +
"}\n";
private final static Model base =
ModelFactory.createDefaultModel()
.read( "file:///home/taylorj/tmp/ontologies/space/space.owl" );
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
// Iterate through the fields of OntModelSpec and for each one whose name
// begins with "OWL_", assume that it's a static field (so that getField
// can accept null), and that its value is an OntModelSpec (so that we
// can cast and create an OntModel with it and the base model).
// that begin with "OWL_", and assume t
for ( final Field field : OntModelSpec.class.getFields() ) {
if ( field.getName().startsWith("OWL_") ) {
final OntModelSpec spec = (OntModelSpec) field.get(null);
final OntModel model = ModelFactory.createOntologyModel( spec, base );
// Run the query against the model (that will use the specified reasoner)
// and show the field that we used and the results that we get.
System.out.println( "\n=== "+field.getName()+" ===" );
ResultSetFormatter.out(QueryExecutionFactory.create(QUERY, model).execSelect());
}
}
}
}输出如下。一些推理者可以推断Mission11是一个ApolloMission。这些是规范使用的内容：OWL_MEM_RULE_INF、OWL_MEM_MINI_RULE_INF、OWL_DL_MEM_RULE_INF和OWL_LITE_MEM_RULES_INF。看起来，您可能希望坚持使用名称中包含RULE的推理器。
=== OWL_MEM ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_RDFS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_TRANS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_RULE_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| _:b1 |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_MICRO_RULE_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_MINI_RULE_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| _:b1 |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM_RDFS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM_TRANS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM_RULE_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
| _:b1 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM_TRANS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM_RDFS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM_RULES_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
| _:b1 |
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原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21223545
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