关于GUI开发的代码布局

Question

我目前正在学习如何使用JavaFX创建图形界面，因为我觉得它比Swing更强大，而且更容易手工编写代码，而不必求助于GUIBuilder。虽然这也包括Swing，但到目前为止，我已经阅读了相当多的教程，我总是看到所有的代码都是用main()或start()方法编写的。

例如，来自java.about.com的这个代码示例：

//Imports are listed in full to show what's being used
//could just import javafx.*
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.ChoiceBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class ApplicationWindow extends Application {

    //JavaFX applicatoin still use the main method.
    //It should only ever contain the call to the launch method
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    //starting point for the application
    //this is where we put the code for the user interface
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {

        //The primaryStage is the top-level container
        primaryStage.setTitle("example Gui");

        //The BorderPane has the same areas laid out as the
        //BorderLayout layout manager
        BorderPane componentLayout = new BorderPane();
        componentLayout.setPadding(new Insets(20,0,20,20));

        //The FlowPane is a conatiner that uses a flow layout
        final FlowPane choicePane = new FlowPane();
        choicePane.setHgap(100);
        Label choiceLbl = new Label("Fruits");

        //The choicebox is populated from an observableArrayList
        ChoiceBox fruits = new ChoiceBox(FXCollections.observableArrayList("Asparagus", "Beans", "Broccoli", "Cabbage"
         , "Carrot", "Celery", "Cucumber", "Leek", "Mushroom"
         , "Pepper", "Radish", "Shallot", "Spinach", "Swede"
         , "Turnip"));

        //Add the label and choicebox to the flowpane
        choicePane.getChildren().add(choiceLbl);
        choicePane.getChildren().add(fruits);

        //put the flowpane in the top area of the BorderPane
        componentLayout.setTop(choicePane);

        final FlowPane listPane = new FlowPane();
        listPane.setHgap(100);
        Label listLbl = new Label("Vegetables");

        ListView vegetables = new ListView(FXCollections.observableArrayList("Apple", "Apricot", "Banana"
         ,"Cherry", "Date", "Kiwi", "Orange", "Pear", "Strawberry"));
        listPane.getChildren().add(listLbl);
        listPane.getChildren().add(vegetables);
        listPane.setVisible(false);

        componentLayout.setCenter(listPane);

        //The button uses an inner class to handle the button click event
        Button vegFruitBut = new Button("Fruit or Veg");
        vegFruitBut.setOnAction(new EventHandler() {

            @Override
            public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
                //switch the visibility for each FlowPane
                choicePane.setVisible(!choicePane.isVisible());
                listPane.setVisible(!listPane.isVisible());
            }
        });

        componentLayout.setBottom(vegFruitBut);

        //Add the BorderPane to the Scene
        Scene appScene = new Scene(componentLayout,500,500);

        //Add the Scene to the Stage
        primaryStage.setScene(appScene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

但是，在main()或start()中编码所有内容都违背了我在学校学到的原则，而且我也觉得做这件事是一件坏事。因为我总是用不同的方法编写所有的代码，而不是只调用方法来做事情来保持干净的main()，所以在程序执行路径上很容易读懂。当我看到所有教程等都与此背道而驰时，我开始怀疑这是常规的GUI代码，还是应该尝试将所有东西放在自定义方法之下，并保持main()干净？

还有人能分享关于JavaFX的整洁教程吗？在这件事上我似乎找不到什么。

编辑:我应该问一个很好的例子，说明高级应用程序接口的类层次结构是如何获得一些想法的。

希望这是个明确的问题，谢谢。

贾斯珀。

Answer 1

您可以创建一个GUI类，它将所有GUI代码放在一起，或者简单地创建一个驻留在main下面的GUI方法。然后，大体上，您可以调用：

public static void main(String[] args)
{
  launch(args);
}

public void start()
{
  launchGUI(Stage primaryStage)
}

然后在同一个类中创建launchGUI方法，或者专门为GUI创建一个新类，他们使用import将其导入包含main/start的类中。