结构化泛音项目

Question

我刚开始使用Overtone，但我想从一开始就让事情组织起来。

project.clj:

(defproject overtone-sketchbook "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"
  :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.5.1"]
                 [overtone "0.9.1"]])

src/overtone_sketchbook/synths.clj:

(ns overtone-sketchbook.synths
  (:use [overtone.live]))

(definst pluck-saw [f 800 d 3]
         (* (saw (+ 100 (* 200 (saw d))))
            (pluck (* (white-noise)
                      (env-gen (perc 0.001 2) :action FREE))
                   1 3 (/ 1 f))))

REPL第1次会议：

> lein repl
nREPL server started on port 52425
REPL-y 0.2.0
Clojure 1.5.1
    Docs: (doc function-name-here)
          (find-doc "part-of-name-here")
  Source: (source function-name-here)
 Javadoc: (javadoc java-object-or-class-here)
    Exit: Control+D or (exit) or (quit)

user=> (use 'overtone.live)
--> Loading Overtone...
  ********************************************************** 
       WARNING: JVM argument TieredStopAtLevel=1 is active, and may 
       lead to reduced performance. This happens to currently be the 
       default lein setting:

       https://github.com/technomancy/leiningen/pull/1230

       If you didn't intend this JVM arg to be specified, you can turn 
       it off in your project.clj file or your global 
       ~/.lein/profiles.clj file by adding the key-val

       :jvm-opts ^:replace [] 
       ********************************************************** 
--> Booting internal SuperCollider server...
Found 0 LADSPA plugins
*** ERROR: open directory failed '/Users/ilya/Library/Application Support/SuperCollider/synthdefs'
Number of Devices: 2
   0 : "Built-in Input"
   1 : "Built-in Output"

"Built-in Input" Input Device
   Streams: 1
      0  channels 2

"Built-in Output" Output Device
   Streams: 1
      0  channels 2

SC_AudioDriver: sample rate = 44100.000000, driver's block size = 512
--> Connecting to internal SuperCollider server...
--> Connection established

    _____                 __
   / __  /_  _____  _____/ /_____  ____  ___
  / / / / | / / _ \/ ___/ __/ __ \/ __ \/ _ \
 / /_/ /| |/ /  __/ /  / /_/ /_/ / / / /  __/
 \____/ |___/\___/_/   \__/\____/_/ /_/\___/

   Collaborative Programmable Music. v0.9.1


Hey Ilya, I feel something magical is only just beyond the horizon...

nil
user=> (demo overtone-sketchbook.synths/pluck-saw)

IllegalArgumentException Don't know how to create ISeq from: clojure.lang.Symbol  clojure.lang.RT.seqFrom (RT.java:505)
user=> (use 'overtone-sketchbook.synths)
nil
user=> (demo overtone-sketchbook.synths/pluck-saw)

IllegalArgumentException Don't know how to create ISeq from: clojure.lang.Symbol  clojure.lang.RT.seqFrom (RT.java:505)
user=> (demo pluck-saw)

IllegalArgumentException Don't know how to create ISeq from: clojure.lang.Symbol  clojure.lang.RT.seqFrom (RT.java:505)
user=> (require 'overtone-sketchbook.synths)
nil
user=> (demo pluck-saw)

IllegalArgumentException Don't know how to create ISeq from: clojure.lang.Symbol  clojure.lang.RT.seqFrom (RT.java:505)
user=> (demo overtone-sketchbook.synths/pluck-saw)

IllegalArgumentException Don't know how to create ISeq from: clojure.lang.Symbol  clojure.lang.RT.seqFrom (RT.java:505)
user=> Bye for now!

REPL第2次会议：

> lein repl
nREPL server started on port 52100
REPL-y 0.2.0
Clojure 1.5.1
    Docs: (doc function-name-here)
          (find-doc "part-of-name-here")
  Source: (source function-name-here)
 Javadoc: (javadoc java-object-or-class-here)
    Exit: Control+D or (exit) or (quit)

user=> (use 'overtone-sketchbook.synths)
--> Loading Overtone...
  ********************************************************** 
       WARNING: JVM argument TieredStopAtLevel=1 is active, and may 
       lead to reduced performance. This happens to currently be the 
       default lein setting:

       https://github.com/technomancy/leiningen/pull/1230

       If you didn't intend this JVM arg to be specified, you can turn 
       it off in your project.clj file or your global 
       ~/.lein/profiles.clj file by adding the key-val

       :jvm-opts ^:replace [] 
       ********************************************************** 
--> Booting internal SuperCollider server...
Found 0 LADSPA plugins
*** ERROR: open directory failed '/Users/ilya/Library/Application Support/SuperCollider/synthdefs'
Number of Devices: 2
   0 : "Built-in Input"
   1 : "Built-in Output"

"Built-in Input" Input Device
   Streams: 1
      0  channels 2

"Built-in Output" Output Device
   Streams: 1
      0  channels 2

SC_AudioDriver: sample rate = 44100.000000, driver's block size = 512
--> Connecting to internal SuperCollider server...
--> Connection established

    _____                 __
   / __  /_  _____  _____/ /_____  ____  ___
  / / / / | / / _ \/ ___/ __/ __ \/ __ \/ _ \
 / /_/ /| |/ /  __/ /  / /_/ /_/ / / / /  __/
 \____/ |___/\___/_/   \__/\____/_/ /_/\___/

   Collaborative Programmable Music. v0.9.1


Hello Ilya, may algorithmic beauty pour forth from your fingertips today.

nil
user=> pluck-saw
#overtone.studio.inst.Inst{:name "pluck-saw", :params ({:value #<Atom@24fc9cde: 800.0>, :name "f", :default 800.0, :rate :kr} {:value #<Atom@449ec5ca: 3.0>, :name "d", :default 3.0, :rate :kr}), :args ("f" "d"), :sdef {:name "overtone-sketchboo96d/pluck-saw", :constants [0.0 0 2.0 3.0 0.5 1.0 50.0 100.0 200.0 1 2 -99 -4 5 0.001], :params (800.0 3.0), :pnames ({:name "f", :index 0} {:name "d", :index 1}), :ugens ({:n-inputs 0, :args nil, :outputs ({:rate 1} {:rate 1}), :name "Control", :rate 1, :n-outputs 2, :rate-name :kr, :inputs (), :special 0, :id 280} #<sc-ugen: saw:ar [1]> #<sc-ugen: binary-op-u-gen:ar [2]> #<sc-ugen: binary-op-u-gen:ar [3]> #<sc-ugen: saw:ar [4]> #<sc-ugen: white-noise:ar [0]> #<sc-ugen: env-gen:kr [0]> #<sc-ugen: binary-op-u-gen:ar [2]> #<sc-ugen: binary-op-u-gen:kr [1]> #<sc-ugen: pluck:ar [5]> #<sc-ugen: binary-op-u-gen:ar [11]> #<sc-ugen: out:ar [12]>)}, :group #<synth-group[live]: Inst pluck-saw Container 31>, :instance-group #<synth-group[live]: Inst pluck-saw 32>, :fx-group #<synth-group[live]: Inst pluck-saw FX 33>, :mixer #<synth-node[live]: overtone.stu547/mono-inst-mixer 34>, :bus #<audio-bus: No Name, mono, id 50>, :fx-chain [], :volume #<Atom@6e9cebcc: 1.0>, :pan #<Atom@3cd6d0: 0.0>, :n-chans 1}
user=> (demo pluck-saw)

CompilerException java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resolve symbol: demo in this context, compiling:(NO_SOURCE_PATH:1:1) 
user=> (overtone.live/demo pluck-saw)

IllegalArgumentException Don't know how to create ISeq from: clojure.lang.Symbol  clojure.lang.RT.seqFrom (RT.java:505)
user=> Bye for now!

我是不是错过了一些很基本的东西？

Answer 1

首先，如果你能使你的问题变得更简单和简洁，这样就很容易找出可能的解决方案，这将是非常有帮助的。

另外，谢谢你给了我一次尝试-抱歉，事情没有立即明朗。这里有很多事情要做，所以在路上要问几个问题:-)

然而，看看你的两个REPL摘录，很明显你还没有完全理解三件事：

• Overtone如何使用Clojure的命名空间
• 合成器是如何设计的
• 如何触发合成器

让我简要地讨论每一个问题，希望它们能揭示出正在发生的事情。

第一，Overtone对Clojure名称空间的使用。当您将use overtone.live导入到当前命名空间中时，Overtone的所有公共API函数都会被导入。这意味着，一旦操作完成，所有的公共API都将提供给您--即demo、defsynth、sin-osc等。

在您的第二个REPL示例中，您要做的第一件事是：(demo overtone-sketchbook.synths/pluck-saw)，它无法工作，因为Clojure还不知道什么是demo，也不知道您的命名空间overtone-sketchbook.synth。要想了解这些，您需要use或require名称空间。有关更多信息，请阅读有关Clojure的ns宏的信息。

其次，泛音的合成器是通过调用函数来设计的，这些函数代表了合成器的各个部分(称为“绝对”)。例如saw，sin-osc，lpf。您可以在Overtone：https://github.com/overtone/overtone/raw/master/docs/cheatsheet/overtone-cheat-sheet.pdf中看到可用的绝对单位的完整列表。

demo是一个宏，允许您传入(部分) synthdef并播放它：

• (demo (sin-osc))
• (demo (sin-osc 440))

注意，绝对函数是为了允许您传递参数来修改它们的行为(例如，440 hz参数到sin-osc ugen)。

同样重要的是要注意的是，绝对不能(目前)被视为同样的合成器。ugen是合成器的组成部分，合成器是绝对的树。这就引出了第三个问题--你在尝试demo pluck-saw合成器。这是一个已经设计好的合成器，只能被触发。要触发合成器，只需将其作为函数调用：

(pluck-saw)

您还可以将params (如果设计允许)传递给synth触发器函数。

因此，总结一下：

• 使用Clojure的ns宏加载外部名称空间，并引入函数以使它们可用。对于Overtone的默认API，您需要输入overtone.live或overtone.core (如果没有启动服务器，则第一次引导服务器)。
• 合成器是绝对的树。Ugens是标准的Clojure函数和返回数据结构，宏demo和defsynth都能理解这些结构。您可以将参数传递给ugen函数以指定它们的行为。
• 合成人不是绝对的。调用ugen函数返回可用于synth设计的数据结构。调用合成器作为函数触发(即播放)该合成器。

最后，一定要来加入我们的邮件列表-我们很想看看你正在做什么(和计划做)，并与您分享我们的热情：

http://groups.google.com/group/overtone/

Answer 2

尝试：(demo 'overtone-sketchbook.synths/pluck-saw)

我仍然会在你的代码中发现错误，我不明白，但这会让你更深入。