编译时的主要因素列表:专门化错误

Question

考虑以下代码(链接到依佩恩)：

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>

// List of factors
template<std::intmax_t ... Misc> 
struct factors { };

// Declaration
template<std::intmax_t ... Misc> 
struct factorization;

// Initial specialization
template<std::intmax_t Value> 
struct factorization<Value>
{
    typedef typename std::conditional<Value % 2 == 0,
            typename factorization<Value / 2, 2, 2>::type,
            typename factorization<Value / 2, 2 + 1>::type>::type type;
};

// Initial specialization when the value is not divisible by 2
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor> 
struct factorization<Value, Divisor>
{
    typedef typename std::conditional<Value % Divisor == 0,
            typename factorization<Value / Divisor, Divisor, Divisor>::type,
            typename factorization<Value / Divisor, Divisor + 1>::type>::type type;
};

// Specialization after the first recusion step
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t Prime> 
struct factorization<Value, Divisor, Prime>
{
    typedef typename std::conditional<Value % Divisor == 0,
            typename factorization<Value / Divisor, Divisor, Divisor>::type,
            typename factorization<Value / Divisor, Divisor + 1>::type>::type type;
};

// Recursion specialization
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t Prime, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization<Value, Divisor, Prime, Primes...>
{
    typedef typename std::conditional<Value % Divisor == 0 && Divisor != Prime,
            typename factorization<Value / Divisor, Divisor, Divisor, Prime,
                    Primes...>::type,
            typename factorization<
                    Value % Divisor == 0 ? Value / Divisor : Value,
                    Divisor + (Value % Divisor != 0), Prime, Primes...>::type>::type type;
};

// Last recursion step
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization<Value, Value, Primes...>
{
    typedef typename factorization<1, Value, Value, Primes...>::type type;
};

// Finalize
template<std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization<1, Divisor, Primes...>
{
    typedef factors<Primes...> type;
};

// Main
int main() {
    typename factorization<18>::type x;
    return 0;
}

这段代码应该列出一个数字的素数，不重复:例如，factorization<18>::type应该等于factors<2, 3>。

但是，如果出现以下错误，则会失败：

prog.cpp: In instantiation of ‘struct factorization<4ll, 2ll, 2ll>’:
prog.cpp:36:79:   required from ‘struct factorization<9ll, 2ll, 2ll>’
prog.cpp:18:67:   required from ‘struct factorization<18ll>’
prog.cpp:67:28:   required from here
prog.cpp:36:79: error: ambiguous class template instantiation for ‘struct factorization<2ll, 2ll, 2ll>’
             typename factorization<Value / Divisor, Divisor + 1>::type>::type type;
                                                                               ^
prog.cpp:32:8: error: candidates are: struct factorization<Value, Divisor, Prime>
 struct factorization<Value, Divisor, Prime>
        ^
prog.cpp:41:8: error:                 struct factorization<Value, Divisor, Prime, Primes ...>
 struct factorization<Value, Divisor, Prime, Primes...>
        ^
prog.cpp:53:8: error:                 struct factorization<Value, Value, Primes ...>
 struct factorization<Value, Value, Primes...>
        ^
prog.cpp:36:79: error: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct factorization<2ll, 2ll, 2ll>’
             typename factorization<Value / Divisor, Divisor + 1>::type>::type type;
                                                                               ^
prog.cpp:10:8: error: declaration of ‘struct factorization<2ll, 2ll, 2ll>’
 struct factorization;
        ^
prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
prog.cpp:67:30: error: invalid combination of multiple type-specifiers
  typename factorization<18>::type x;
                              ^
prog.cpp:67:36: error: invalid type in declaration before ‘;’ token
  typename factorization<18>::type x;
                                    ^
prog.cpp:67:35: warning: unused variable ‘x’ [-Wunused-variable]
  typename factorization<18>::type x;
                                   ^

Compilation error   time: 0 memory: 0 signal:0

prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
prog.cpp:67:30: error: ‘type’ in ‘struct factorization<18ll>’ does not name a type
  typename factorization<18>::type x;
                              ^
prog.cpp:67:36: error: invalid type in declaration before ‘;’ token
  typename factorization<18>::type x;
                                    ^
prog.cpp:67:35: warning: unused variable ‘x’ [-Wunused-variable]
  typename factorization<18>::type x;
                                   ^

如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

没有与factorization<18>匹配的专门化(据我所知)，除非您省略了一些代码。您的每个专门化似乎都假定至少有两个参数被传递到分解中。

从您添加的注释中可以看出，您假设标记为“初始专门化”的专门化只需传递一个数字即可。这不是真的。试着运行factorization<18, 2>来查看它的实际运行情况。如果这确实是您想要的，那么要么省略专门化中的2并保持主体不变，要么添加一个在单个数字上匹配并将type设置为typename factorization<N, 2>::type的最终专门化。

Answer 2

这是一个有用的版本。请注意，使用std::conditional是个坏主意，因为两个分支仍然需要扩展。专业化工作要好得多。

// List of factors
template<std::intmax_t...> 
struct factors { };

// Declaration
template<bool no_remainder, std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization_remove_repeated;
template<bool no_remainder, std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization_check;

// wraps the remainder check to reduce code duplication
template<template<bool, std::intmax_t ...> class T, std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ...Primes> 
struct factorization_advance
{
    typedef typename T<(Value % Divisor) == 0, Value, Divisor, Primes...>::type type;
};

// end case
template<template<bool, std::intmax_t ...> class T, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization_advance<T, 1, Divisor, Primes...>
{
    typedef factors<Primes...> type;
};

// No more repeats of Divisor, move to Divisor+1
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization_remove_repeated<false, Value, Divisor, Primes...>
{
    typedef typename factorization_advance<factorization_check, Value, Divisor + 1, Primes...>::type type;
};

// removed a repeat of Divisor, continue doing so, without adding to primes list
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes>
struct factorization_remove_repeated<true, Value, Divisor, Primes...>
{
    typedef typename factorization_advance<::factorization_remove_repeated, Value / Divisor, Divisor, Primes...>::type type;
};

// found that Divisor isn't a factor, move to Divisor+1
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes> 
struct factorization_check<false, Value, Divisor, Primes...>
{
    typedef typename factorization_advance<::factorization_check, Value, Divisor + 1, Primes...>::type type;
};

// Found first occurrence of a factor, add to primes list, remove repeats
template<std::intmax_t Value, std::intmax_t Divisor, std::intmax_t ... Primes>
struct factorization_check<true, Value, Divisor, Primes...>
{
    typedef typename factorization_advance<factorization_remove_repeated, Value / Divisor, Divisor, Primes..., Divisor>::type type;
};

// Convenience wrapper
template<std::intmax_t Value> 
struct factorization
{
    typedef typename factorization_advance<factorization_check, Value, 2>::type type;
};

• 演示：http://rextester.com/NPGBU58803
• 早期版本，也能工作，但维护性较差，IMO：http://ideone.com/Ia9hnd